How To Use Astrocyte In A Sentence
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Astrocytes, previously thought to be unimportant in neuronal transmission, have recently been implicated in long-term modulation of neuronal synapses.
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The astrocytes will stain with glial fibrillary acid protein, the oligodendroglia - like cells with S100 but not with glial fibrillary acid protein, and the neurons with synaptophysin and/or neurofilament.
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From human embryonic stem cells the company has produced the three types of brain cells, namely glia (glue cells), astrocytes (star cells) and oligodendrocytes (few branches cells).
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His work has established the inhibitory role astrocytes can play in preventing central nervous system regeneration.
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The chemical message is passing from one astrocyte to the next.
Einstein's Brain Unlocks Some Mysteries Of The Mind
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Three cell types are found: astrocytes with their two varieties, protoplasmic and fibrous; oligodendroglia; and microglia.
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There are also supporting tissues in the nervous system, known collectively as glia; for example, Schwann cells surround the axons of peripheral neurons, and oligodendrocytes and astrocytes ensheath the axons of central neurons.
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Broadly expressed cell markers, such as the neuronal nuclei antigen NeuN, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) and the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 (which identify neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, respectively), are commonly used in immunohistochemical analysis of brain development or disease.
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Accordingly, in pre-empting neuronal glucose utiliztion by the neuron, ketone bodies may compromise neuronal energetic efficiency and, together with both endogenously generated and diffusible ROS exported by the fatty acid-oxidizing astrocyte, promote cell injury.
Metabolism and ketosis | The Blog of Michael R. Eades, M.D.
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They observed both neurons and astrocytes, the two types of cells into which the brain stem cells mature.
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Results The expression of B 7 - H 1 mRNA and protein in astrocyte line CRL - 2541 was decreased after RNAi.
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However, unlike most currently used markers that also label cerebellar astrocytes, these four genes appear to be completely specific to Bergmann glia.
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Mercury accumulates in the central nervous system primarily in astrocytes, the cells that provide the first line of defense for the central nervous system against toxic compounds.
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All doctors are trained in the absolute nature of the blood–brain barrier—a wall of tightly packed cells lining the smallest blood vessels of the brain, called capillaries, and a back-up defensive team of astrocytes star-shaped cells of the glia that holds this tightly packed wall together.
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Distinct subpopulations of astrocytes might differently contribute to modulate neuronal hyperactivity in the epileptogenic region, possibly by releasing in addition to glutamate, ATP, and other neuroactive signals, e.g.,
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The positive cells were the astrocytes, ependymal cells in white matter of spinal cord and the neurons mainly locating in cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum.
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(A) Maximal projection of a Texas Red-labelled astrocyte syncytium after patching a single astrocyte with a Texas Red-containing pipette in an EC slice.
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Accordingly, in pre-empting neuronal glucose utiliztion by the neuron, ketone bodies may compromise neuronal energetic efficiency and, together with both endogenously generated and diffusible ROS exported by the fatty acid-oxidizing astrocyte, promote cell injury.
Metabolism and ketosis | The Blog of Michael R. Eades, M.D.
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Torres-Aleman, I, et al. Estradiol promotes cell shape changes and glial fibrillary acidic protein redistribution in hypothalamic astrocytes in vitro: a neuronal-mediated effect.
T.S. Wiley: Estrogen Dilemma: There Is No Dilemma When You Know the Details
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Astrocytes are involved in brain metabolism, because they are capable of glycogenesis (conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage) in response to various hormones and to potassium and glutamate.
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They successfully grew skin cells, smooth muscle cells, neurons and other nerve cells known as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and pigment producing cells called melanocytes, Reuters reports.
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Scavenger cells called microglia can be found in the center of plaques, and astrocytes, a type of cell that usually helps protect neurons, are found around the outside of the spherical plaques.
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Astrocytes (white arrowheads), neuropile (dashed circle), and a neuron (yellow arrow) are indicated.
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Sunnyvale-based Amarantus Therapeutics will use the funding to study the efficacy of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a highly potent, neurotrophic factor currently in pre-clinical development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Immunostaining of tissue sections indicates that neurons, oligodendrocytes, and nonmyelinating Schwann cells contained neurofibromin, whereas astrocytes and myelinating Schwann cells do not.
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Other cell types found in the brain, such as oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, were unaffected.
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Lipids in the astrocyte cell walls and very tight junctions between adjacent endothelial cells limit the passage of water-soluble molecules.
Distribution of toxicants in the body
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It is important to understand the mechanism of activated astrocyte in neurocyte injure after cerebral ischemia for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Astrocytes belong to a group of brain cells known as glial cells .
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The GRPs the scientists used began life as what's called astrocyte progenitor cells from healthy rat spinal cord tissue.
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As in herpes encephalitis, the inclusions in SSPE may be found in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglia.
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The astrocyte is the important gliocyte, having supportive and protective functions to neurons in the brain.
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Once inside the brain or spinal cord, neural progenitor cells grow into neuron-supporting stem cells called astrocytes.
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Eosinophillic intranuclear inclusions of Cowdry type A are found in oligodendrocyte, astrocytes, occasional neurons, ependymal cells, endothelial cells, and schwann cells.
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From human embryonic stem cells the company has produced the three types of brain cells, namely glia (glue cells), astrocytes (star cells) and oligodendrocytes (few branches cells).
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The present study reveals a crucial role of neuron-astrocyte interactions in sculpting activity at the epileptogenic zone.
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By monitoring the activity of neurons and astroglia by simultaneous single or dual patch-clamp recordings, field potential recordings, and Ca2+ signal imaging in different experimental models of epilepsy, Giorgio Carmignoto and colleagues at the National Research Council, Italy, found that an episode of hyperactivity in a restricted group of neurons massively activates nearby astrocytes.
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Microglia are the smallest of the neuroglia, and, unlike the ectodermally derived macroglia (astrocytes and oligodendroglia), they are formed from the mesoderm.
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↑ Wang YF, Hatton GI (2007) Interaction of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 / 2 with actin cytoskeleton in supraoptic oxytocin neurons and astrocytes: role in burst firing.
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These precursor cells develop from stem cells and are specialized so that they can form only two kinds of cells: astrocytes, which help support neurons and influence their activity, and oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin.
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Top, bar graph reporting the mean size of the labelled astrocyte syncytium (
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The adult CNS contains three major types of cells: neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
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(astrocytes), and behaves just like a rhizopod (such as Gromia); it sends out numbers of stellate processes all round, which ramify and stretch into the surrounding food-yelk.
The Evolution of Man — Volume 2
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In addition, the recombination observed in astrocytes (also in cerebellar Bergmann glia and retinal Müller cells) hints towards a role of oligodendroglial genes (PLP) in early astroglia differentiation, supporting the idea of PLP+ glia progenitors, which give rise to astrocytes
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(A) Maximal projection of a Texas Red-labelled astrocyte syncytium after patching a single astrocyte with a Texas Red-containing pipette in an EC slice.
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Conclusions The astrocytes in lumbosacral spinal cord and medulla oblongata can be activated by colonic inflammation.
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Neoplasms of the brain that originate in a particular kind of glial-cells: the star-shaped brain cells called astrocyte.
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Image: distinct astrocyte domains revealed in an image from the freely available selection in the Cell Centered Database.
What's New in Neuroinformatics
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They successfully grew skin cells, smooth muscle cells, neurons and other nerve cells known as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and pigment producing cells called melanocytes, Reuters reports.
