How To Use Clonal In A Sentence
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Dengue 1-4 Antigen + conjugated monoclonal antibodies = antigen-MAb complex Sandwich of anti-human IgG antibody / Serum Antibody / antigen-MAb complex AI >
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Dengue 1-4 Antigen + conjugated monoclonal antibodies = antigen-MAb complex Sandwich of anti-human IgM antibody / Serum Antibody / antigen-MAb complex
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This company's workhorse is lemna, also known as duckweed-a tiny, aquatic clonal plant that doubles its biomass every 36 hours-and is skilled at making proteins that mammalian cells struggle, and often fail, to produce.
News from The Scientist
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Additionally, a polyclonal intracerebral inflammatory response may precede the proliferation of monoclonal malignant lymphoid cells.
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Clonal progeny may be produced by stolons, runners, rhizomes, tubers, buds on bulbs, corms and roots, layering of stems, and agamospermous seed.
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Our results also suggest that clonal interference may not have a large effect on the speed of adaptation.
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As for asexual reproduction, the authors discuss why vegetative reproduction works so well for so many aquatic plants: rhizomatous growth (clonal growth), as well as reproduction through fragmentation and the production of corms, stolons, tubers, turions and gemmiparous plantlets.
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CSF oligoclonal bands in MS include antibodies against Chlamydophila antigens".
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It is easy to think of a very young seedling (the commonest experimental object in plant science) as being an individual, but which is the individual bracken plant in a huge clonal patch of bracken?
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Most of these analytes are measured by immunoassays using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies.
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The CSF is tested for [[oligoclonal band]] s, which are
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Sacks E, Rutgers J, Jakobiec FA, et al. A comparison of con - Ô˘ Â › Ó·È fi ÙÈ ÌÔÚÂ › Ó· ÌÂÙ·'È'·ÛıÔ ‡ Ó · fi ¤Ó· ÂÈ - junctival and nonocular dendritic cells utilizing new mo - noclonal antibodies.
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Briefly, 1×106 MNCs were stained with 1 µg fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) - or phycoerythrin (PE) - conjugated monoclonal antibodies for 20 min at
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These events or stages constitute a cycle because they begin and end with the same event, such as the formation of a fertilized egg in sexually reproducing organisms, or the creation of a fissioned cell in clonally reproducing organisms.
The Biological Notion of Individual
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The data have been verified immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 to show a reduction in the labelling index.
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We altered the proteome of mammary gland cells in our clonal herd of cows, so that the milk would contain the oligomeric building blocks of the synthetic fibers you wanted.
Eight Maids a'Milking
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An assessment of genetic and epigenetic diversity that exists in unisexual populations in spite of "clonal" reproduction is largely lacking.
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Offspring from smaller populations were on average more inbred, so inbreeding depression in clonal fitness was higher in small populations.
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FCI is a sensitive and specific method in diagnosis and classification of NHL as well as in detection of monoclonality.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Identification of clonal proviral insertions by oncogenic retroviruses has led to the isolation of novel tumor-associated genes.
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Clearly the method will not work if the stand of plants is clonally propagated because the equations will not solve.
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In the majority of clonal plant species, which reproduce chiefly by vegetative propagation, seedling recruitment is infrequent.
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We applied the model to several different T-cell clones and to a polyclonal cell line representative of a subpopulation present in blood.
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Objective To evaluate the implication of monoclonal antibody detection of faecal occult blood ( FOB ) in colorectal cancer.
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The hybridoma technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies represents one of the most important methodological advances in biomedicine during the 1970s.
Physiology or Medicine 1984 - Press Release
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In cnidarians, the developmental biology of some aspects of clonality have been studied.
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Microscopic inspection of different types of structures has revealed that proembryogenic masses are characterized by high interclonal variation of shape and cellular constitution.
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Galet cites scores of different Gamays, many quite unrelated to the Beaujolais archetype, many of them particular clonal selections of it, and many more of them red-fleshed teinturiers once widely used to add colour to vapid blends.
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Murine monoclonal antibodies conjugated with plasminogen activators may be valuable for targeting the therapeutic agent to thrombus.
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The plasma cell clone produces a monoclonal (M) protein that can lead to renal failure caused by light chains (Bence Jones protein) or hyperviscosity from excessive amounts of M protein in the blood.
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This clonal and recombinant species, which produces both vegetative and sexual diaspores, is considered endangered in most parts of Central Europe and in other industrialized regions.
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When they are available and a single component is of interest, two monoclonal antibodies of high avidity directed to different epitopes on an allergenic molecule are the most suitable.
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Visser GWM, Vosjan MJWD, Finn R, Boellaard R, et al. (2004) High-quality 124I-labelled monoclonal antibodies for use as PET scouting agents prior to 131I-radioimmunotherapy.
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The monoclonal antibodies used came from the yolk proteins vitellin and vitellogenin of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris, and the minute pirate bug, Orius insidiosus.
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These assays are performed by flow cytometry using several comprehensive panels of monoclonal antibodies including specific markers for lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes.
Immunology Lab
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Plants were propagated clonally and all material used was of the same genetic background.
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As indicated in the accompanying table, mono- and polyclonal antibodies to most cytokines and growth factors are available.
The Scientist
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Affimed's proprietary and highly productive TandAb® technology enables the company to generate unique tetravalent, bispecific, fully human antibody formats that promise increased therapeutic potential and superior profiles compared to monoclonal antibodies.
Reuters: Press Release
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An irrelevant monoclonal antibody, J13, to human small intestinal brush border membranes served as a negative control.
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This effect was blocked by a monoclonal antibody to interleukin - 10, but not by antagonists to transforming growth factor-beta 1, prostaglandins, or beta-adrenergic agonists.
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[13] Combined with MRI and clinical data, the presence of oligoclonal bands can help make a definite diagnosis of MS.
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The secondary antibodies for insulin, glucagon and somatostatin were antirabbit polyclonal antibodies.
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Only if that fails will they try biologics, newer treatments that include monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab (Remicade).
Medlogs - Recent stories
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Many plant species can reproduce clonally by creeping roots or stems, propagules such as bulbils and tubers, or agamous seeds.
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Clonal assays were performed as described previously with the following minor modifications.
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Monoclonal antibodies against pre-S proteins have recently become available for tissue staining.
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Some of the diagnostic materials for meningococci, and Chlamydia are monoclonals.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Research
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Upon the death of the seminal root the plant fragments into several independent stolon systems and begins the clonal stage of its life cycle.
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So, dandelion seeds are clonal to the mother plant, except for occasional mutants, which form dandelion microspecies.
Dandelions, acquired characteristics, and creationism - The Panda's Thumb
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Combined with MRI and clinical data, the presence of oligoclonal bands can help make a definite diagnosis of MS.
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Objective : To analyze a novel antigenic determinant of Homo sapiens CMTM 1 - v 17 protein and prepare polyclonal antibody.
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Moreover, it is the first to show effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody targeting a glycolipid.
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The worst part is that protein 1 is well-studied, there are parent and isogenic mutant strains lacking this gene, recombinant protein and monoclonal antibodies readily available.
Archive 2009-05-01
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Apart from monoclonal antibodies, small molecule therapeutics such as oncogenic protein kinase inhibitors are attracting a vast amount of investigational attention.
Ebookshare
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On the manufacturing side, Switzerland-based Lonza will make batches of five monoclonal antibody (MAb) candidates for Phase I and II trials and, assuming development progresses, provide additional capacity for later trials and subsequent commercialisation.
In-PharmaTechnologist RSS
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Monoclonal antibody produced by continuous perfusion culture was recovered and purified by expended bed adsorption chromatography.
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Ingredient: Shea butter, polyclonal keratin and compound vitamin etc.
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Results indicated monoclonality in 80. 6% of DR4 tumors and 78. 6% of F1 tumors.
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The feeding of low antigen doses leads to induction of regulatory cell secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, whereas higher doses favor clonal deletion and anergy.
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The CB antibody was highly specific mouse monoclonal (clon 300) [16], [17].
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Lemon was in Memorial Hermann Southwest Hospital for nine days before a doctor concluded he had POEMS Syndrome, an acronym for polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes syndrome.
The Facts: News
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Evaluation of the bone marrow revealed a small monoclonal population of cytoplasmic kappa light chain-restricted plasma cells in an otherwise normocellular marrow.
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Like gallium, indium - 111 labeled polyclonal Ig also localizes to infection but does not accumulate in KS or lymphoma.
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The reaction is detected using biotinylated phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibodies followed by streptavidin-phycoerythrin.
The Scientist
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Accordingly, we could not accurately determine the molecular weight of Mca1 expressed in vivo by immunoblotting of wild type lysate with polyclonal antibodies raised against Mca1.
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Morphological plasticity is common in clonal plants, particularly in spacers, those parts of clonal plants that interconnect ramets.
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But this presents some difficulties because banana is essentially a clonal crop with many sterile species.
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Lonza will make batches of five monoclonal antibody (MAb) candidates for Phase I and II trials and, assuming development progresses, provide additional manufacturing capacity for later trials and commercialisation.
In-PharmaTechnologist RSS
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Pollen analysis enables the honey producer to identify whether the honey is monoclonal or polyclonal.
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Objective To prepare and characterize the rabbit anti-Humulus pollen protein polyclonal antibody, and identify its application in determining the composition of Humulus pollen allergic protein.
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These results indicate that the second hepatocellular carcinoma was of independent clonality and probably represents a de novo neoplasm rather than a recurrence.
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Clonal progeny may be produced by stolons, runners, rhizomes, tubers, buds on bulbs, corms and roots, layering of stems, and agamospermous seed.
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DC phagocytose tumor antigen and migrate to the dLN where they stimulate T cell clonal expansion resulting in T cell-dependent brain tumor regression and long-term immunological memory.
PLoS Medicine: New Articles
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Whether polyclonal proliferations progress to monoclonal lymphomas has not been proven.
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Polyclonal immunoglobulins and other serum proteins were present in his urine.
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In utero bone marrow transplantation induces tolerance by a combination of clonal deletion and anergy.
Fetal Stem Cell Transplantation, In Utero Stemm Cell Publications
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Rabbits used to raise polyclonal Ab are nearly always exsanguinated at the final bleed, and anything used to make monoclonals is sacrificed as part of the procedure.
Can an animal rights activist accept medical treatment invented through animal testing?
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These technologies effective addressing monoclonal antibody questions and so on mouse source.
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[9] Martin GR, Evans, M.J. Differentiation of clonal lines of teratocarcinoma cells: formation of embryoid bodies in vitro.
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information
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Methods:Monoclonal and poly - clonal dual antibody sandwich method was used to assay the levels of serum interleukin - 2 (IL - 2 ) and soluble interleukin - 2 receptor (SIL - 2R) .
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A monoclonal antibody to influenza nucleoprotein was purchased from QED Biosciences (San Diego, CA).
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Goronzy J, Weyand CM, Fathman CG (1986) Long-term humoral unresponsiveness in vivo, induced by treatment with monoclonal antibody against L3T4.
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We report growth for Tiarella, a species that has spread clonally within exclosures but not outside exclosures where survival has been low.
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Geitonogamy can be due to self-pollination between flowers on the same branch, different flowering branches of the same plant, or different ramets of the same clonal genet.
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There are two types of thelytokous reproduction: apomixis - clonal reproduction, which can be diploid or polyploid - and automixis, a meiosis that takes place after which diploidy is restored.
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Radial water flow was induced by application of a pressure gradient of - 0.06 MPa. Sections were incubated with monoclonal ABA antibodies and with the secondary Alexa 568 antibodies and stained with aniline blue and toluidine blue.
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The monoclonal against HER2 receptor is ineffective in prostate cancer which may be explained by the presence and the potential effect of HER2 C-terminal fragment.
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Clonal diversity and allozyme variation in populations of the arctic sedge Carex bigelowii (Cyperaceae).
Genetic responses of arctic species to changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels
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By using SSR molecular marker, clonal structure and individual identification of Corylus heterophylla Fisch was investigated on the basis of reproduction study.
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Herein, we report a case of monoclonal B-cell proliferation involving lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood in a patient with Whipple disease.
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DSM contract manufacturing services include: chemical development, registered intermediates, registered starting materials, active pharmaceutical ingredients API's, mammalian cell production of monoclonal antibodies and proteins, formulation development, clinical trial manufacturing and finished dose form manufacturing of solids, semi-solids, and scheduled drugs, aseptic liquid and lyophilized products.
DSM and Codexis Sign Enzyme Supply Agreement - Yahoo! Finance
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Mitochondrial genomes, being maternally inherited and es-sentially clonal, are necessarily related in a nested hierarchic fashion
A New Book
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Chronic clonal disorders of hematopoiesis are usually classified as either myeloproliferative disorder or myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affimed's proprietary and highly productive TandAb® technology enables the company to generate unique tetravalent, bispecific, fully human antibody formats that promise increased therapeutic potential and superior profiles compared to monoclonal antibodies.
Reuters: Press Release
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It has developed proprietary monoclonal antibodies to properdin that are potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of the complement alternative pathway.
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As a control, sections were incubated with phosphate buffered saline instead of the primary monoclonal antibodies in the first step.
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Under this framework, we present the results of a dynamic programming effort aimed at determining the optimal ontogeny of defensive allocation strategies by eusocial clonal organisms.
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Most scrub dominants recover by resprouting and clonal spread, while many herbaceous species are obligate seeders.
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Sato, G.H. In vitro growth and differentiation of clonal populations of multipotential mouse cells derived from a transplantable testicular teratocarcinoma.
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information
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Flow cytometric immunophenotyping did not reveal an aberrant T cell or monoclonal B-cell population.
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Most scientists working with the new inhibitors and monoclonal antibody treatments acknowledge they will be used in combination with chemotherapy for years yet.
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Furthermore, polyclonal antibodies were used to assess quantitative and qualitative changes of the enzyme.
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Sato, G.H. In vitro growth and differentiation of clonal populations of multipotential mouse cells derived from a transplantable testicular teratocarcinoma.
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information
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Clonal cell lines were expanded in complete DMEM containing 7.5 g/ml puromycin and were transferred to serum free DMEM approximately 24 hours prior to harvesting.
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One recent publication showed that EMT mediated loss of contact inhibition in hepatocarcinoma cells, and reexpression of E-cadherin restored cell-cell contacts Mouse monoclonal antibodies were used to detect E-cadherin (BD Transduction Labs.,
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Chronic clonal disorders of hematopoiesis are usually classified as either myeloproliferative disorder or myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Whether polyclonal proliferations progress to monoclonal lymphomas has not been proven.
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Do patients fare better when they're told they suffer from POEMS, or the Crow-Fukase syndrome of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes?
Operation SMARM
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Anthozoan life cycles are therefore simpler and their evolution centers on the presence or absence of clonality and the development of polymorphism of polyps in colonial forms.
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Multiple cDNA clones were identified by screening the U251 library with a bacterial lysate absorbed polyclonal antiserum against human tenascin.
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The choice of temperatures was based on the fact that the cells were caught at approximately 25 degrees centigrade and grown into clonal populations at 21-24 degrees centigrade.
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Serrano D, Becker K, Cunningham-Rundles C, Mayer L (2000) Characterization of the T cell receptor repertoire in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: oligoclonal expansion of CD8 (+) T cells.
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In addition, it is possible to use an animal polyclonal antiserum for capture and a human IgE antibody containing serum for detection.
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Stable class I molecules were recovered with the monoclonal antibody W6/32.
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Review of the flow cytometric immunophenotypic data failed to reveal a monoclonal B-cell or aberrant T-cell population.
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This first-in-class monoclonal antibody targets RANK ligand, which is involved in bone-degenerating osteoclasts.
PharmaTimes World News
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The presence of parathyroid tissue was confirmed by positive immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody to parathormone.
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This suggests that glucose derepression is a permissive factor for clonal senescence.
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Naked monoclonal antibodies are those without any drug or radioactive material attached to them.
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Scientists have also used monoclonal antibodies to'see " hidden tumors.
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Pigmented cells occur in clusters that resemble clonal sectors, but within a sector, not every cell is pigmented to the same degree.
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The authors additionally examined clonal deletion in artificial re-aggregated thymi.
PLoS Biology: New Articles
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Objective To prepare and identify monoclonal antibody ( McAb ) against the D - antigen of poliovirus type Sabin strain.
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Each of the trees in an Aspen grove that forms clonally is a ramet, and collectively they form a single genet.
The Biological Notion of Individual
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Another bacterium that has been implicated in MS is Chlamydophila pneumoniae; it or its DNA has been found in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients by several research laboratories, with one study finding that the oligoclonal bands of 14 of the 17 MS patients studied consisted largely of antibodies to Chlamydophila antigens.
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Genetic variation in the clonal bryophyte Hylocomium splendens at hierarchical geographical scales in Scandinavia.
Genetic responses of arctic species to changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels
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Within this species the number of viable seeds per rosette, the importance of clonal reproduction by stolons and stolon length are highly variable.
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The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is a lake-dwelling mollusc whose females can be either sexually reproducing (requiring male 'input' for successful embryo production), or asexually reproducing (clonally reproducing without sexual activity).
Carin Bondar: No Eggs? No Problem!
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Ingredient: Shea butter, polyclonal keratin and amino acid etc.
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Jones and Raynal found no relationship between root suckering and beech bark disease infection as long as the parent tree was still alive, therefore, it is not likely that the disease is the cause of the clonality observed at this site.
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One should note whether the antibody is polyclonal or monoclonal and also the species and isotype of the primary antibody.
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Clonal progeny may be produced by stolons, runners, rhizomes, tubers, buds on bulbs, corms and roots, layering of stems, and agamospermous seed.
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When the synthetic peptide was used as the antigen, a monoclonal antibody was obtained.
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Methods By using an uncoloured affinity-electrophoresis combined with monoclonal double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay.
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The data have been verified immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 to show a reduction in the labelling index.
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Also, when monoclonal antibodies were coupled to bacterial or plant toxins for e.g. Exotoxin A of pseudomonas aeruginosa or abrin from Abrus precatorious penetrates the cell membrane and inhibits protein synthesis.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Research
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Large or disturbed plants regenerate clonally by layering of drooping shoots.
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Cultivated varieties are propagated clonally and very often a single genotype is planted in orchards.
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We have previously obtained a clonal population of cells from human foreskin that is able to differentiate into mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal progenies.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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A prospective study was then undertaken using serum from 100 consecutive patients with various monoclonal gammopathies and from 13 patients with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and cryoglobulins.
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The interaction between rice host and its pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at cell level was studied using a resistant somaclonal mutant HX-3 and its donor Minghui 63.
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Clonal plants adapt themselves to different level of resource availability by phenotypic plasticity.
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To use this definition in the context of clonal interference, we need to have a priori knowledge about how to best subdivide the sequence space into independent quasispecies.
