How To Use Cnidarian In A Sentence
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For example, colonial anthozoan cnidarians, in particular the Pennatulacea or "sea pens" are quite capable of moving, defouling themselves, and burrowing both upwards and downwards.
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Although scyphozoan sequences are lacking in the HOX1, HOX2, HOX9-14A and CDX groups (figure 1), these absences could be due to non exhaustive sampling from PCR surveys, a full genome sequence being currently lacking for this cnidarian lineage
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Anthozoan cnidarians lack the medusoid lifestage found in other Cnidaria.
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For that matter, even the syncytial ‘gut’ departs further from the cnidarian or poriferan system than from the bilaterian archenteron.
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Casually touching many cnidarians will make it clear how they got their name when their nematocysts eject barbed threads tipped with poison.
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Based on the clear clustering of the Wnt gene families it is highly unlikely that a single Wnt gene independently expanded in the cnidarian and vertebrate lineages.
Death of a popular anti-ID argument
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Namapoikia rietoogensis gen. et sp. nov. is up to 1 meter in diameter and bears a complex and robust biomineralized skeleton; it probably represents a cnidarian or poriferan.
The Cambrian as an evolutionary exemplar - The Panda's Thumb
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Miller DJ (1992) Genomes of diploblastic organisms contain homeoboxes: sequence of eveC, an even-skipped homologue from the cnidarian Acropora formosa.
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Do polyps of other cnidarian species have a tissue dynamics similar to that of hydra?
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Cross species comparison reveals a strong variability of gene expression along the oral-aboral axis and during the life cycle among cnidarian lineages.
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In the cnidarians, chaetognaths, and ctenophores, the opaque gut wall was the surface measured.
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In cnidarians, the developmental biology of some aspects of clonality have been studied.
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All animals, including the essentially epithelial cnidarians, nevertheless have the capacity to produce mesenchymal cells.
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For the reasons outlined above in the first paragraph and explained in more detail in Van Iten et al., we here interpret Sphenothallus as a thecate polypoid cnidarian whose systematic position within this phylum is uncertain.
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I'm going to briefly summarize an interesting new article on cnidarian Hox genes…unfortunately, it requires a bit of background to put it in context, so bear with me for a moment.
Jellyfish lack true Hox genes! - The Panda's Thumb
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The ancestral cnidarian proto-Hox cluster is thought to have contained four Hox genes.
Jonathan Wells gets everything wrong, again - The Panda's Thumb
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Data from sponges, ctenophores, and cnidarians are providing a glimpse into the some of the earliest events in Hox evolution.
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The cnidarians (hydra, jellyfish, and sea anemones) and helminths have a sac-like digestive system with a single opening.
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A kind of colonial cnidarian - an animal with stinging cells related to anemones, corals and jellyfish.
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In the former, cleavage gives rise to a hollow blastula, which is filled in to a greater or lesser extent by the unipolar immigration of cells, much as occurs in hydrozoan cnidarians.
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There is also general agreement that the common cnidarian / bilaterian ancestor possessed "anterior" Hox (HOX1 and HOX2 paralogy groups) and ParaHox (GSX) genes, but lacked HOX3 and "median" (HOX4-8) Hox genes (e.g. [39]).
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In some cases, gene relationships among cnidarian groups are congruent with the species phylogeny: hydrozoan sequences are sister-group to scyphozoan sequences, with anthozoan sequences branching basally to this ensemble.
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By including genes from various cnidarian species belonging to Anthozoa, Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa, our analysis allows to identify lineage-specific gene duplications or losses through the comparison of the topology within the gene tree with the known phylogenetic relationships between included species
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Based on the position of the Wnt centre, the oral end of cnidarian planulae and polyps seems homologous to the rear end of the Bilateria
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There are three subgroups within the cnidarians that have medusae, cubozoans, hydrozoans, and scyphozoans.
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A consensus is beginning to emerge regarding many key nodes in basal metazoan and cnidarian phylogeny, but many important questions remain.
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Cnidarians contain chemical synapses and release neurotransmitters, including biogenic amines and peptides.
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Furthermore, each major cnidarian lineage experienced specific duplications: group C HOX9-14 genes were independently duplicated in the Scyphozoa and in the Hydrozoa, and several duplications increased the number of HOX2 genes in the Anthozoa (figure 1).
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Development 134: 2549-2560. de Jong DM, Hislop NR, Hayward DC, Reece-Hoyes JS, Pontynen PC, et al. (2006) Components of both major axial patterning systems of the Bilateria are differentially expressed along the primary axis of a 'radiate' animal, the anthozoan cnidarian Acropora millepora.
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However, unlike cnidarians, ctenophores possess rows of cilia and a unique, complex sensory organ and lack cnidae and metagenesis.
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Sea turtles are omnivorous and feed on a variety of sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, crustaceans, algae, plants, and fish.
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Anthozoan cnidarians lack the medusoid lifestage found in other Cnidaria.
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Because all three main clades of bilaterian animals express a let-7 RNA that is temporally regulated, but cnidarian, poriferan and all non-animal species that we analysed do not express a detectable let-7 RNA, we propose that the gene evolved after the divergence of diploblastic and bilaterian animals
Teach the Controversy
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Sponges and diploblasts (cnidarians and ctenophores) are basal to the triploblastic metazoans.
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It has been proposed that the most recent common ancestor between cnidarians and bilaterians would have been morphologically similar to a pennatulacean anthozoan.
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Although we cannot completely exclude a nonbiological or nonmetazoan origin, we identified what appear to be modern cnidarian developmental stages, including both anthozoan planula larvae and hydrozoan embryos.
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However, the primary axis of cnidarians lacks the degree of axial differentiation found in vertebrates or insects.
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Primary responsibilities are the expansion, organization, and maintenance of cloning libraries derived from cnidarian, ctenophore, crustacean, fish and avian model organisms.
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Mackie is quick to point out the under appreciation of, and in fact often misinformation concerning, the cnidarian nervous system.
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A first striking finding was the high number of SOX gene sequences recovered from both the cnidarian and the ctenophore representatives (10 and 13 from C. hemisphaerica and P. pileus, respectively).
As Expected
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The planulae of most cnidarians attach and lose, at most, a coat of swimming cilia.
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A first striking finding was the high number of SOX gene sequences recovered from both the cnidarian and the ctenophore representatives (10 and 13 from C. hemisphaerica and P. pileus, respectively).
As Expected
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Instead, many used a scenario approach to conclude that solitary sessile polyps represent the ancestral cnidarian form.
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In the context of relationships among cnidarian taxa assigned the Linnaean rank of class, Anthozoa may be perceived as basal.
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Because all three main clades of bilaterian animals express a let-7 RNA that is temporally regulated, but cnidarian, poriferan and all non-animal species that we analysed do not express a detectable let-7 RNA, we propose that the gene evolved after the divergence of diploblastic and bilaterian animals
Teach the Controversy
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Collectively, these studies indicate that iodinated organic compounds, such as thyroxine, can affect strobilation and mineralization in cnidarians.
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It is therefore largely appreciated that the resemblance between ctenophores and cnidarians is superficial and does not reflect a particularly close evolutionary relationship.
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In some cases, gene relationships among cnidarian groups are congruent with the species phylogeny: hydrozoan sequences are sister-group to scyphozoan sequences, with anthozoan sequences branching basally to this ensemble.
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It is a widespread Paleozoic marine taxon that has been interpreted most recently as a tubiculous annelid or other ‘worm’ or as a thecate hydrozoan or scyphozoan cnidarian.
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The same is true for hydra, a freshwater cnidarian.
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Members of the phylum Ctenophora bear some general similarities to cnidarian medusae including a gelatinous mesenchymal layer and a symmetrical organization around an aboral / oral axis.
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Hox genes have been isolated from a number of cnidarian species including hydra.
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Sphenothallus Hall, 1847 is a widespread Paleozoic marine taxon that has been interpreted most recently as a tubiculous annelid or other ‘worm’ or as a thecate hydrozoan or scyphozoan cnidarian.
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There's also the weird facet that hox genes are only rudimentary present in cnidarians, making the complexity of wnts even more fascinating.
Death of a popular anti-ID argument
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Fossils of the Twitya Formation are generally presumed to be cnidarians, or at least metazoans of cnidarian grade.
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If collar cells and spicules are defining characteristics of the Phylum Porifera, then nematocysts define cnidarians.
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Anthozoan cnidarians.-In at least two papers, workers have postulated an affinity between stromatoporoids and corals.
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Many thousands of cnidarian species live in the world's oceans, from the tropics to the poles, from the surface to the bottom.
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Cnidarians have two basic body forms, medusa and polyp.
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On the basis of this information it has been proposed that the earliest metazoans were probably wormlike organisms, similar to the larvae of modern cnidarians and developed from flagellate protists.
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If you take a look at animal phylogeny, an important group are the diploblastic phyla, the cnidarians and ctenophores.
Jellyfish lack true Hox genes! - The Panda's Thumb
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Do polyps of other cnidarian species have a tissue dynamics similar to that of hydra?
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Cnidarians of the genus Obelia form colonies of polyps in their asexual generation.
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A specific panel of seven target sequences was selected to test the binding patterns of cnidarian paired domains.
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The impression that Anthozoa is the basal cnidarian group may depend upon the taxa being discussed.
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Cnidarians are radially symmetrical, meaning that they're symmetrical around several axes, like the spokes in a bicycle wheel, whereas all the organisms depicted to the right of the cnidarian are bilaterally symmetrical, meaning they're only symmetrical around the head-to-tail axis (except for the echinoderms, which evolved radial symmetry independently).
2005 June - Telic Thoughts
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Our study of the new material does not support a cnidarian affinity.
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The cnidarians (hydra, jellyfish, and sea anemones) and helminths have a sac-like digestive system with a single opening.
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These ideas are supported by other authors for a host of cnidarian groups.
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Porpita is a member of a small but very widespread group of hydrozoan cnidarians, the Chondrophorina.
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There are three subgroups within the cnidarians that have medusae, cubozoans, hydrozoans, and scyphozoans.
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A medusa, or jellyfish, is part of the life cycle of just one major group of animals, the cnidarians.
