How To Use Cynodon In A Sentence
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Rational Review
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The first thing I saw on the Marylebone platform was the crude picture in green chalk of a stolon of _Cynodon dactylon_.
Greener Than You Think
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However, as the temporal fenestra expands to ludicrous proportions in the cynodonts, the skull table is reduced to a saggital crest formed by the parietal.
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Well, it turns out that he was right, as a 2003 reappraisal of the specimens by Tony Thulborn and Susan Turner showed that the bones could not belong to anything other than a dicynodont.
Archive 2006-05-01
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The structure is unusually large in cynodonts and mammaliforms.
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Complete specimens of the dicynodont have been found in India and South Africa.
Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph
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Surrounding the pans on a larger scale (on less brackish soil) are grasslands dominated by Odyssea paucinervis and Cynodon dactylon with Cenchrus ciliaris and Eriochloa meyeriana dominating the crests of calcrete escarpments.
Zambezian halophytics
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I love the form of dicynodont heads -- neat to see someone play with that form.
Life's Time Capsule: The Long Road to Failure
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Probably the most informative analysis of mammal-like reptiles as transitional forms is the one which focuses, in detail, on the presumed changes from advanced cynodonts to the earliest mammals.
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Only two clades of nonmammalian cynodont are known from the Lower Jurassic: tritylodontids and tritheledontids.
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By Early Triassic times, cynodonts had diverged into large predaceous carnivores such as Cynognathus and moderate large omnivorous and herbivorous types such as Trirachodon and Diademodon.
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The skull is an example of convergent evolution with some of the ornithopods and also with the dicynodonts, an herbivorous group of early synapsids.
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The model of therapsid relationships proposed by Rubidge and Sidor implies that a crista choanalis evolved at least three times, in biarmosuchians, eutherocephalians, and cynodonts.
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Evidence for therapsid fur centers on the presence of infraorbital pits and ridges in some lower Triassic cynodonts.
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The confirmation that the fossils belonged to a dicynodont was published this week by Australian researchers.
Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph
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The dentition of these animals was quite peculiar, and very different from that of other cynodonts.
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The effect of this trend among cynodonts, toward a single lower jaw bone, was to make the jaws stronger.
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Prior to the early mammal Sinoconodon, the lower jaws of advanced nonmammalian cynodonts such as Probainognathus maintained substantial differences from those of early mammals.
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Heber A. Longman (best known for his 1924 description of the giant pliosaur Kronosaurus) exhibited them at a meeting in 1915, and noted that they resembled dicynodont elements.
Archive 2006-05-01
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In every detail – the distribution of concavities and foramina, the articulatory surfaces for other bones, the tooth shape, wear pattern and surface microstructure, the internal tooth structure (determined by CT scanning) – the specimen is indisputably dicynodont, and not matched by anything else.
Archive 2006-05-01
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And, if you would learn a secret, even before man trod here, in the days when the dicynodont bent yearningly over her young, and the river-horse which you find now nowhere on earth's surface, save buried in stone, called with love to his mate; and the birds whose footprints are on the rocks flew in the sunshine calling joyfully to one another -- even in those days when man was not, the fore-dawn of this kingdom had broken on the earth.
Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland
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These included more advanced therapsids such the cynodonts.
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In advanced herbivorous cynodonts, like the tritylodonts, the ability to move the lower jaws in a fore-aft direction was exploited for the purpose of cutting up plant material by the cheek dentition.
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In every detail – the distribution of concavities and foramina, the articulatory surfaces for other bones, the tooth shape, wear pattern and surface microstructure, the internal tooth structure (determined by CT scanning) – the specimen is indisputably dicynodont, and not matched by anything else.
Archive 2006-05-01
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The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relict.
Archive 2006-05-01
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Rhyncosaurs and cynodonts are far more common, and in fact the rhyncosaur Scaphonix accounts for half of all tetrapod fossils.
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Luo and coworkers find that Haramiyavia is not even a mammaliform but an aberrant cynodont.
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The cynodonts are sometimes thought to be mammalian ancestors, but there are minor features which debar them, some believe, from such position.
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The Allotheria are so different from anything else that one can almost imagine their derivation from an entirely separate line of cynodonts.
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As Rowe points out, the early cynodonts were the first synapsids in which the brain filled the endocranial cavity.
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The wide diversity of large aetosaurs suggests that they have taken over the role of big herbivore vacated by the trilophosaurs, rhynchosaurs, and dicynodonts with their disappearance from the region at the end of the Carnian.
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Seven major grassland types have been identified, which consitute about 20% of the park's area: Themeda villosa forms a tall grass cover in clearings in the sal forest; Saccharum-Narenga associations grow as mixed and pure stands of tall grass (Saccharum spontaneum is one of the first species to colonize newly created sandbanks); Arundo-Phragmites associations form dense tall stands along stream beds on the floodplain and around lakes; Imperata cylindrica grows prolificallyin areas within the park which were occupied by villages prior to their evacuation in 1964; various short grasses and herbs grown on exposed sandbanks during the dry months and become much more prolific with the outset of rain in May (e.g. Polygonum plebeium, Persicaria spp. and sedges such as Cyperus, Kyllinga and Mariscus spp.); Cynodon dactylon and Chrysopogon aciculatus and other short grasses grow in highest areas near riverine forest all the year round; and low-lying stands of Saccharum spontaneum, which are destroyed by repeated flooding early in the monsoon.
Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal
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The image above combines Laurie Beirne’s dicynodont life restoration, used in the press releases for Thulborn & Turner (2003), and on the front cover of the relevant issue of Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, with a photo of the Australian fossil.
Archive 2006-05-01
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These advanced tiny cynodonts were probably very successful, but remain poorly known, because such tiny remains are only rarely fossilized.
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The dicynodonts as a whole lasted some 50 million years, and the only group of therapsids to outlive them were the cynodonts, which were the direct ancestors of the mammals.
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The tritylodonts were among the last of the cynodonts to appear.
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One group of therapsids, the dicynodonts, were herbivores with a worldwide distribution.
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Increased cattle herds cause overgrazing, which changes the composition of natural vegetation, particularly by the replacement of sweet grasses such as Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis pilosa, and Urochloa trichopu by less palatable species such as Aristida congesta.
Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
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Among therapsids, this condition is also present in gorgonopsians and basal therocephalians, but not dinocephalians, anomodonts, or cynodonts.
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In many dicynodonts the tusks are present in about half of the individuals, indicating that these were probably sexual characters, presumably present in one gender morph and absent in the other.
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Of those groups only the higher Dicynodontia were to be successful, and in fact these stocky, toothless and beaked animals remained the dominant terrestrial herbivores right up until the Carnian epoch (Late Triassic period).
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The complex cheek teeth and secondary palate show that the cynodonts were able to chew and breathe at the same time.
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In the earliest known post-Tapinocephalus Zone fauna of southern Africa (where the fossil record for late Permian tetrapods is most complete), new groups of big herbivores - the beaked and toothless dicynodonts - appear.
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Isolation by desiccation would also explain why dicynodonts - mammallike reptiles that dominate fossil assemblages elsewhere during this time - are conspicuously absent at the site that yielded the two new amphibians.
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Some later cynodonts had both joints close together and in operation at the same time.
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In both therocephalians and cynodonts, early stages in the evolution of the secondary palate consist of the gradual enlargement and final coalescence of bony plates emanating from the medial margins of the maxilla and palatine bones.
