How To Use Myelin In A Sentence
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These constricted unmyelinated regions are called nodes of Ran-vier (rahn-vee-ay), after the French histologist Louis Antoine
The Human Brain
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This paper will mainly illustrate the advance in pathological mechanism of demyelinating canine distemper encephalitis.
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The process of demyelination interrupts the electrical impulses that run through these nerve fibers, causing weakness and paralysis.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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In relatively primitive organisms like clams, all nerves are unmyelinated.
Stem cells, Part 1, Introduction and Ethics
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They then manipulated them in the laboratory to turn them into specialised cells that form myelin, the insulating layer than surrounds nerve fibres.
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MS is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that involves the loss of myelin from nerves in the brain and spinal cord.
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Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is important to recognise because it is treatable.
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About 50% of patients with a first demyelinating episode develop multiple sclerosis; interferon decreases this risk.
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In MS, a protective nerve-fiber coating called myelin comes under attack.
Study links MS to mononucleosis virus | Impact Lab
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Although fish axons are capable of regeneration, they are nevertheless repelled by mammalian CNS myelin and oligodendrocytes.
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Thus, the baby does not see at first; this must await the myelinization of the optic nerve, which, to be sure, is not long delayed.
The Human Brain
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It seems that the failure of the axons to regenerate is partly the result of an inhibitory effect exerted by central nervous system glial cells, associated with the myelin of nerve fibers.
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Multiple sclerosis typically begin in early adulthood and is characterized by multiple areas of demyelination and sclerosis of the brain, spinal cord, or both.
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Myelin is present in both the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Broadly expressed cell markers, such as the neuronal nuclei antigen NeuN, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) and the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 (which identify neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, respectively), are commonly used in immunohistochemical analysis of brain development or disease.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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“We found that if we just transplanted motor neurons into the spinal cord and did nothing else, then the surrounding neighborhood in the spinal cord—the white matter surrounding the spinal fluid, which is full of other, healthy myelinated axons—would see these motor neurons as foreign and reject them,” Kerr says.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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The myelinization of nerve fibers begins before birth and continues afterward.
The Human Brain
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It has already been clearly established that vaccines can lead to demyelinating disorders.
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On the other hand, exercise results in a marked increase in the production of stem cells and new motor neurons—those same motor neurons that are so essential for remyelinating myelin sheaths and axonal nerves in neurological autoimmune disease.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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Placed along the nerves in the limbs of the body, they tell myelinated axons during development whether to go left or right.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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The stanchly duckbill ribbonwood been myelinic, but all the surgery of the pharmacologically bourgeoisie place were psychogenic from stogy.
POWET.TV
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In contrast, choline is essentially derived from the circulation, and only negligible amounts are incorporated into other lipids, such as sphingomyelin.
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The lesions of demyelination are histopathologically characteristic of the disease.
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In transverse myelitis, demyelination and injury to bundles of axonal nerves occurs in focal areas of the spinal cord, often leading to permanent and severe paralysis.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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Researchers know that the first burst of myelination occurs from infancy to the age of 3.
Globe and Mail
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But no variant of prion protein was able to prevent demyelination when introduced specifically into the Schwann cells that surround and support peripheral nerve cells.
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However, cases with porencephaly, global atrophy or delayed myelination of unilateral temporal lobe on MRI were more related to HIE.
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An increase or decrease in this ratio is indicative of the integrity of myelin.
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Natural surfactant has been observed to form a structure, tubular myelin, that appears as a square lattice in electron micrographs.
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Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS, also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system, leading to demyelination.
WN.com - Articles related to Medical-marijuana advocates seeking society's approval
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Myelinating glia can respond to changes in axon diameter, but they also regulate that diameter.
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The white matter abnormalities are thought to reflect both defects in myelination and developmental abnormalities in neurons affecting these white matter connections.
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These unmyelinated, specialized nerve fibers, called C-tactile fibers, each cover about one square centimeter of skin.
Suzie Heumann: Pleasure Fibers & Touch: Pleasuring Me Pleasures You
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Sphingomyelin is found in large amounts in brain and nerve tissue.
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If the name arachnoiditis makes you imagine “land of the spiders,” that’s no coincidence: the nerve network that the immune system begins to demyelinate looks something like a spider web’s intricate fibers spanning out from the lower spinal cord.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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A demyelinating disease is any condition that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerves in your brain and spinal cord.
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Fats also aid visual development and enhance the growth of a special coating on nerves as they grow myelinization.23
Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Newborn
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Schwanns cells proliferated and unmyelinated nerve fiber decreased.
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This result is in accordance with functional data showing that axon growth inhibitory molecules are less prominent in fish oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin compared to mammals.
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Previous works have also shown early myelin detachment from the axolemma, but Abrahams et al., who also addressed this issue, did not find this alteration at 24 h after nerve crush.
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These precursor cells give rise to all of the mature oligodendrocytes that make myelin throughout life.
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The neurohypophysis was replaced by fibrotic tissue containing perivascular macrophages and activated microglia, and in the cerebellum, there were large areas of myelin pallor.
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Somebody with a small head but (say) good myelinization can still be quite smart.
Blogger News Network
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The neurilemma of a medullated fibre contains myelin laid down by Schwann cells.
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Oligodendrocyte damage and subsequent axonal demyelination is a hallmark of this disease.
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It might, for example, be a factor in killing oligodendrocytes, and hence triggering demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder.
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Catching CTS early is critical, because if left untreated the inflamed tendons can wear down the outside coating of the nerve, called the myelin sheath.
Writer Unboxed » Blog Archive » Wellness for Writerly Wrists
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They travel to the brain and mount an assault on a substance called myelin, which acts as a protective sheath around nerve fibers.
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The researchers found that the fibres, called unmyelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptors
Undefined
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For example, multiple sclerosis involves the progressive destruction of the myelin that insulates neural axons.
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It turns out that the bacterium that causes leprosy directly damages a protective sheathing, made of the protein myelin, around many nerve cells.
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This is important because if asymptomatic chronic hyponatremia is not corrected, the brain system can be damaged irreversibly (centre pontine demyelination).
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Multiple sclerosis is generally believed to be an autoimmune disease in which the patient's own cells attack the insulation, called myelin sheath, that surrounds nerves.
Multiple-Sclerosis Study Could Help Patients
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the disease demyelinated the nerve fibers
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Recent work is again focused on the vascular changes as a basis of the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier that precedes the inflammation and demyelination in a multiple sclerosis plaque.
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These plaques, included for our immunohistochemical examination, were characterized by area of myelin reduction containing numerous macrophages with clear and foamy cytoplasm, positive with acid periodic Schiff staining (PAS) after diastase digestion.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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Those sensations are coming via unmyelinated nerves, and give you some idea of the level of sensation in an embryo.
Stem cells, Part 1, Introduction and Ethics
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A Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) test was performed using conventional techniques and each patient was categorized as primary demyelinating, primary axonal, inexcitable, equivocal, or normal using published criteria
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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In experiments in lab mice, even very low doses of pleiotrophin, or PTN, significantly enhanced the regeneration of myelinated axons, leading Hoke to hope that PTN may lead to novel treatment options for neurological autoimmune disease.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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And there was a barely discernible" trace sclerosis" of the myelin sheath, the insulating tissue that covers the nerve fibers.
THE TATTOOED GIRL
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Because degenerative myelopathy is a demyelinating disease, or one that destroys the myelin sheath around each nerve, it has a poor prognosis.
The Last Chance Dog
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Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are thought to be the principal components of lipid rafts in cell and model membranes.
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Rational Review
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In transverse myelitis, demyelination and injury to bundles of axonal nerves occurs in focal areas of the spinal cord, often leading to permanent and severe paralysis.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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The most important sphingolipids are sphingomyelins.
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It turns out that the bacterium that causes leprosy directly damages a protective sheathing, made of the protein myelin, around many nerve cells.
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Stimulation of these receptors by stretch or chemical agents triggers impulses along nonmyelinated vagal afferents.
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He had myelinated nerves and a spinal cord and there, within the hard bone box of his skull, he had about a pound and a half of putty-colored aspic: Jesus had a human brain.
Beginner’s Grace
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They send precise impulses along wires that give the signal to myelinate that wire.
Archive 2007-03-01
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Case reports establish beyond doubt that HHV - 6 can trigger fulminant demyelinating disease and encephalitis in MS patients.
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In our case, the thin peripheral rim of restricted diffusion may represent an active edge of demyelination.
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One risk is that the cerebral edema induced by the hypo-osmolality is clearly a bad thing and should not be allowed to persist and worsen and on the other hand there is the somewhat mysterious spectre of osmotic demyelination which is typically referred to by one of it forms namely central pontine myelinolysis.
Archive 2007-05-01
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Again, these chemicals demyelinate the Purkinje axon creating problems with balance, visual motor processing and integration and auditory processing.
Jett Travolta, Seizures, Autism
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Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
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Immunostaining of tissue sections indicates that neurons, oligodendrocytes, and nonmyelinating Schwann cells contained neurofibromin, whereas astrocytes and myelinating Schwann cells do not.
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Central-nervous-system demyelination after immunisation with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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These studies indicate that the protein exhibits highest selectivity for the choline phospholipids phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin under physiological conditions of pH and ionic strength.
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If the slowing of nerve conduction affects all nerves roughly equally the diagnosis is likely to be the demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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In order to coax the nerves to grow out into the paralyzed legs, Kerr had to introduce two last chemicals into his nerve-regenerating cocktail: chemicals that told the myelinated axons that these newly birthed nerves were exactly the same as those that wire the body during fetal development.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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This virus can infect and destroy oligodendrocytes, the cells which produce myelin.
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When the axonal nerves and myelin sheaths become damaged we become—in simplest terms—a bit like marionette puppets without any strings: nothing connects the brain and the toes, the central nervous system and the muscles in our arms or legs.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a rare demyelinating disease, is usually triggered by infections or immunisations.
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Some axons are wrapped in a multi-layer coating, known as the myelin sheath, which helps insulate the axon from other axons, surrounding tissues and fluids and prevents the electrical charge from escaping from the axon.
Neurotoxicity
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All axons from the enteric nerve cells lack a myelin sheath.
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Currently, demyelinating diseases are permanent, and problems worsen as time goes on because there is no way to fix the underlying problem - restoring the myelin around the axons of brain cells.
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In our case, the thin peripheral rim of restricted diffusion may represent an active edge of demyelination.
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In the cat and monkey myelin changes are prominent at the junction of the glial and neurilemmal portions of the root, which suggests increased vulnerability at that point.
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In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, rats develop an MS-like disease that features autoimmune reactivity against myelin basic protein.
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Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system but often can have central nervous system involvement.
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Myelin acts as a multilamellar insulator around brain axons and is expressed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.
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The genes are forced into producing all this myelin, all the fat to myelinate the brain.
Susan Blackmore on memes and "temes"
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PMD is most commonly caused by a genetic mutation that affects an important protein found in myelin, proteolipid protein (PLP).
Health News from Medical News Today
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The other afferent nerve fibers are the nociceptive fibers, including myclinated A [delta] fibers and unmyelinated slowly conducting C fibers with cell bodies in the jugular ganglia.
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Sphingomyelin is found in large amounts in brain and nerve tissue.
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It is usually regarded as being formed by some of the fibers of the posterior nerve roots, which ascend for a short distance in the tract and then enter the posterior column, but since its fibers are myelinated later than those of the posterior nerve roots, and do not undergo degeneration in locomotor ataxia, they are probably intersegmental in character.
IX. Neurology. 3. The Spinal Cord or Medulla Spinalis
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In this study, we have examined how the headgroup size and properties affect the membrane properties of sphingomyelin and interactions with cholesterol.
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New warnings were added about rare cases of central nervous system demyelinating disorders and reports of pancytopenia, including aplastic anemia, which have at times been fatal.
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Postural hypotension has been associated with cerebral hypoperfusion and decreased oxygenation of the frontal lobes and with the presence of white matter lesions corresponding to demyelination and arteriosclerosis.
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In humans, some nerves remain unmyelinated, and those holdovers from early evolutionary time can't be anesthetised.
Stem cells, Part 1, Introduction and Ethics
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Geron's drug contains living cells, called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, that help restore nerve fibers and myelin, which is a protective sheath that protects nerves in the central nervous system.
FDA Clears Geron to Resume Stem-Cell Study
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The oligodendrocytes, on the other hand, can myelinate up to 50 axons, thus if one is severed there is a possibility for it to regenerate.
CreationWiki - Recent changes [en]
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Researchers know that the first burst of myelination occurs from infancy to the age of 3.
Globe and Mail
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Duchala CS, Readhead C, Macklin WB (1993) A myelin proteolipid protein-LacZ fusion protein is developmentally regulated and targeted to the myelin membrane in transgenic mice.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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The electrophysiologic and pathologic findings indicate a pattern of axonal loss that predominantly affects large-caliber myelinated fibers.
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By 45 days of age, dorsal funiculi of irradiated spinal cords are well populated with fibres myelinated by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.
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It also may harm processes of the oligodendroglia, cells found in the central nervous system that form the myelin sheath protecting the axon, a component of nerve cells.
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Thicker myelin coats translate into brains that are larger and can better coordinate rapid perceptual decisions, Posthuma says.
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And there was a barely discernible" trace sclerosis " of the myelin sheath, the insulating tissue that covers the nerve fibers.
THE TATTOOED GIRL
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They travel to the brain and mount an assault on a substance called myelin, which acts as a protective sheath around nerve fibers.
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Myelin is produced by cells called oligodendrocytes.
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Myelination generally proceeds in a wave from the back of the cerebral cortex (shirt collar) to its front (forehead) as we grow into adulthood.
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These precursor cells develop from stem cells and are specialized so that they can form only two kinds of cells: astrocytes, which help support neurons and influence their activity, and oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin.
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In many cases, properties attributed to sphingomyelins may simply be due to chain length and unsaturation.
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New evidence points to production of myelin, a fatty insulation coating the brain's internal wiring, as a neural Achilles' heel early in life.
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They injected myelin proteins designed to induce the mouse counterpart of multiple sclerosis, called experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
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The axis cylinder is the essential conducting structure of the nerve, while the neurolemma and the myelin act as insulating agents.
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Because different parts of the brain are pruned and myelinated at different times, there are biological windows of opportunity when children are interested in and able to learn different skills.
You Raising Your Child
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Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy may cause paresis anywhere in the digestive tract, with damage to small myelinated and unmyelinated splanchnic nerves.
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It forms the myelin sheath of nerve fibres which facilitates the transmission of nerve impulse and insulates against cross-talks.
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The myelin acts as a layer of high electrical resistance and low capacitance, facilitating the rapid saltatory conduction of electrical impulses from node to node for long distances along axons that may be up to 1 m in length.
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The scientists hope the approach, which generated a new fatty cover for the spinal cord cells called the myelin sheath, also could be shown to work in people.
Stem Cells help Regrow Rat’s severed Spinal Cord | Impact Lab
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Myelination increases substantially the speed of conduction of nerve impulses.
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Management Code, "chronic cyanide exposure is linked to demyelination, lesions of the optic nerve, ataxia, hypertonia, Leber's optic atrophy, goiters and depressed thyroid function.
Darwiniana
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The neurologic symptoms are a result of destruction of myelin, though axons may also be affected.
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The researchers found that the stem cells migrate up the spinal cord and develop into multiple different neural cell types, including neurons and oligodendrocytes, the cell type that forms insulating myelin sheaths around nerves.
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They showed a patchy demyelinating polyneuropathy, with all nerves involved.
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One risk is that the cerebral edema induced by the hypo-osmolality is clearly a bad thing and should not be allowed to persist and worsen and on the other hand there is the somewhat mysterious spectre of osmotic demyelination which is typically referred to by one of it forms namely central pontine myelinolysis.
SIADH or SIAD-where did the "h" go and does it matter?
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These myelin sheaths and axonal nerves are of critical importance in MS and transverse myelitis research.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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Dorsal to the olivary nuclei is the extensive reticular formation of the medulla, composed of diffusely disposed neurons interspersed by ascending and descending myelinated axons belonging to a variety of pathways.
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But there is a second slow-conducting nerve network of unmyelinated fibres, called C-tactile (CT), the role of which was unknown.
Boing Boing: July 28, 2002 - August 3, 2002 Archives
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This is a pyridine silver method described by Ranson in 1911 for impregnating unmyelinated nerve fibers.
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All axons from the enteric nerve cells lack a myelin sheath.
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And there was a barely discernible" trace sclerosis" of the myelin sheath, the insulating tissue that covers the nerve fibers.
THE TATTOOED GIRL
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Myelin sheath of lipoprotein around the axolemma is interrupted at regular intervals to leave the axolemma ` bare’ at nodes of Ranvier.
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The team found that adult human cells were much more adept at settling into the brain, becoming oligodendrocytes and producing myelin than the fetal cells.
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For the first time researchers at the Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital have successfully transplanted adult spinal cord stem cells into mice and rats to produce the protective cover, known as myelin, which is necessary to insulate the nerves in the central nervous system.
Health News from Medical News Today
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These bunches of axons are wrapped in myelin sheaths and bundled like electrical wire.
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Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy may cause paresis anywhere in the digestive tract, with damage to small myelinated and unmyelinated splanchnic nerves.
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David Van Essen Washington University scientists use MRI scanning of a substance called myelin to find brain-cell branches.
Probing the Brain's Mysteries
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A high degree of myelinization in the brain has, for instance, recently been found to be helpful.
Blogger News Network
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To develop a procedure by which Schwann cell and myelin in the peripheral nerve could be removed while the basal lamina tubes remained intact , and to obtain a long acellular nerve scaffold.
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They have also been trying to figure out why the patients with multiple sclerosis lose the protective coating, called myelin, surrounding their axons, the part of the nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses.
A New Target in Fighting Brain Disease: Metals
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Sadly, those most in need of protection—people susceptible to demyelination and paralysis should they come down with an acute infection—are also those most likely to be at risk of severe adverse effects from the very vaccines meant to help them.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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The neurohypophysis was replaced by fibrotic tissue containing perivascular macrophages and activated microglia, and in the cerebellum, there were large areas of myelin pallor.
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In MS, myelin is lost in multiple areas, leaving scar tissue called sclerosis.
-
If the name arachnoiditis makes you imagine “land of the spiders,” that’s no coincidence: the nerve network that the immune system begins to demyelinate looks something like a spider web’s intricate fibers spanning out from the lower spinal cord.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
