How To Use Plasma membrane In A Sentence
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After biogenesis, trichocysts migrate to the plasma membrane and are anchored to predetermined sites.
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This indicates a level of plasma membrane invagination comparable with mammalian skeletal muscle.
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In a number of orchid species, the outer tangential walls of short cells have numerous wall ingrowths that greatly expand the surface area of the plasma membrane and, thus, resemble transfer cells.
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Unlike a moving fibroblast, however, the extending axon also grows in size, with an accompanying increase in the total surface area of the neuron's plasma membrane.
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The plasma membrane transport of other metabolites such as amino acids and sugars can also be assayed by the changes in membrane potential.
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The rapid electrical pulse induces very short-lived micropores in the plasma membrane, allowing DNA to enter the cell.
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The virion of MuLV classifies it as a C-type virus, which assembles at the surface of infected cells, and acquires a plasma membrane envelope as it buds from a cell.
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The antigen was more abundant in the zone adjacent to the plasma membrane than in the zone closer to the external wall surface.
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Carbachol, gastrin, and histamine all bind to specific receptors on parietal cell plasma membranes.
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Until now the plasma membrane was the prototypical membrane for biophysical studies of lateral protein mobility.
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Similarly, the plasma membrane of olfactory cells seems to have an InsP 3 -sensitive calcium channel.
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The properties of plasma membrane vesicles from wheat roots are also affected by deprivation of the intact plants.
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The seedlings were germinated at 25°C in the dark for 5 d. Plasma membranes were purified from roots by aqueous two-phase partitioning as described elsewhere.
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The catalytic domain faces the exterior of the plasma membrane and is anchored by a transmembrane-spanning domain.
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In our study the appearance of plasma membrane blebs occurred at progressively lower fluences as the fluence rate was reduced, and there appeared to be a correlation between the extent of bleaching and damage.
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These channels appear to be plasma membrane-located and non-selective, being permeable to both monovalent and divalent cations.
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The electrode tip pushes through the cell wall tending to jump quickly across the plasma membrane into either the cytoplasm or the vacuole.
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Aquaporins mediate the bidirectional passage of water over membranes and are present in tonoplasts and in plasma membranes of plant cells.
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All cholesterol assays measure the total cell cholesterol, so it is not possible to distinguish between plasma membrane cholesterol and intracellular cholesterol.
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Such a scenario is quite likely as the bioenergetics of transfers, particularly across endo-membrane systems is quite different to that found at a root plasma membrane.
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If vesicles are then generated from this proto-ER/Golgi, a plasma membrane can be formed on an existing cytoskeleton, a process similar to the formation of the cellular blastoderm in Drosophila and similar to the addition of vesicle to the current plasma membrane.
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Pinocytic vesicles were present near the plasma membrane and basement membrane was present around these cells.
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They bind to the plasma membrane of surrounding cells and block viral replication by enhancing the production of several enzymes involved in protein synthesis.
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Similarly, the plasma membrane of olfactory cells seems to have an InsP 3 -sensitive calcium channel.
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Root tissue was pulverized in a mortar under liquid nitrogen and homogenized with buffers for the preparation of soluble extracts or plasma membranes.
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This suggests that assembly of the carotenoid layers in the chloroplast is not required for proper localization of the photoreceptors in the plasma membrane of the cell.
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The LDL receptor is a polypeptide of 839 amino acids that spans the plasma membrane.
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Regulated secretion requires the fusion of exocytic granules with the plasma membrane and depends on αSNAP
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Exposure of drug-sensitive tumor cells to doxorubicin or epirubicin results in the drugs being localized primarily within the nuclei, with much smaller amounts being localized in plasma membranes, microsomes, and the cytosol.
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However, these cells had a continuous layer of smooth plasma membrane, and central vacuoles had distinct tonoplasts.
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Cholesterol and closely related sterols play an important role in the function of plasma membranes in most eukaryotic cells.
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In a similar fashion, the final stage of animal cytokinesis is based on de novo formation of the plasma membrane via the interdigitating microtubules known as the midbody.
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Once inside the plant, an infolded plasma membrane forms around the bacterium to produce an infection thread.
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Transport studies with plasma membrane vesicles isolated from pea seed coats are presented in an accompanying paper.
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Hormones are released from neuroendocrine cells by passing through an exocytotic pore that forms after vesicle and plasma membrane fusion.
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The additional membrane is provided by intracellular vesicles, which fuse with the plasma membrane.
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Motivated by our previous findings that Stx can mediate its own uptake and affect signaling, we set out to investigate if Stx, although binding to a glycolipid, was able to increase the formation of endocytic clathrin coat structures at the plasma membrane and if such increase in clathrin coats might be mediated by signaling through the Syk kinase.
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The cortex and plasma membrane were modeled as thin elastic shells.
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For all treatments, plasma membrane cholesterol levels were quantitated by filipin staining as previously described.
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During cell expansion, trafficking delivers proteins to plasticize the wall and supplies new plasma membrane and cell wall material to keep pace with growth.
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These connections consisted of close appositions between nonspecialized areas of the plasma membranes of the 2 cells.
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The cytoplasm appeared to be appressed to the plasma membrane after the 35°C-soaking treatment, and vacuoles were apparent.
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Cytoplasmic membrane, or cell membrane, plasma membrane, is a soft, fragile and flexible semi-permeable membrane, which underlines cell wall and surrounds cytoplasm.
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The key developmental processes of cytokinesis and cell expansion require vesicle trafficking to deposit new wall material and increase plasma membrane area.
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A few cells have numerous tiny blebs on the cell membrane and orange nuclei colored with EtBr, which indicates some disturbance of the plasma membrane permeability.
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MIPs are abundant proteins localized to the plasma membrane, the tonoplast, or other endomembranes of plant cells.
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Plasma membrane vesicles were purified from root homogenates using the sucrose gradient or two-phase partitioning procedure as previously described.
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Excess nickel has a negative effect on plasma membrane polarization, ion uptake and translocation, cell mitotic activity, and carbon partitioning in roots.
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Also, formation of endocytotic vesicles at the plasma membrane involves proteins that can severely bend membranes.
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Plasma membrane stress failure is but one of many stimuli that trigger cell remodeling and thereby mediate changes in fluid flux across the vascular wall.
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Plasma membrane localization of GFP-ICR1 detected following plasmolysis.
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Numerous studies aimed at the plasma membrane have provided indirect evidence for the existence of distinct signaling domains.
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It has been shown previously that infected and uninfected nodule protoplasts isolated according to this protocol are osmotically active and exclude the dye propidium iodide, indicating the intactness of their plasma membrane.
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Because it consists of plasma membranes and it is permeable to fat-soluble substances such as anesthetics and alcohol.
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TRPV2 was recruited to the nascent phagosome and depolarized the plasma membrane.
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Plasma membrane and polarized GFP-ICR1 localization in globular embryos GFP-ICR1 is detected in basal and periclinal membranes (arrowheads).
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Endogenous ER markers ERGIC-53 and calreticulin as well as plasma membrane protein markers Na/K ATPase and Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) were probed against to allow accurate visualization of the ER and the plasma membrane.
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The yeast exocytic SNAREs consist of the synaptobrevin homologues Snc1 / 2p on the secretory vesicle and the syntaxin homologues Sso1 / 2p and SNAP25 homologue Sec9p on the plasma membrane
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Organisation of the procuticle is supposedly controlled by the apical plasma membrane that forms longitudinal corrugations called apical undulae during chitin synthesis that run perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo (
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Of the above-mentioned chemical species only hydrogen peroxide is relatively stable and able to penetrate the plasma membrane as an uncharged molecule.
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The later hyperpolarization results from stimulation of the plasma membrane proton pump due to the cytosolic acidification associated with the activity of the nitrate transporter.
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Vimentin fibers terminate at the nuclear membrane and at desmosomes, or adhesion plaques, on the plasma membrane.
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Although fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane is important for yeast cell growth, the relationship between exocytic SNAREs and cell physiology has not been established.
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In slowly dried tissues, considerable cell wall folding had occurred, there was substantial subdivision of the vacuoles and some plasma membrane withdrawal from the cell walls.
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Exogenous Si decreased fluorescence intensity of leaf tonoplast and plasma membrane in the two cultivars tested under cold stress, namely, the fluidity increased.
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In addition to factors regulating the fusion of exocytotic vesicles with the plasma membrane, postfusion events have attracted broad scientific interest.
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Cholesterol is biologically important as a constituent of the plasma membranes of many animal cells.
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For instance, within the individual cell, the subcellular sites of photo-damage may include the plasma membrane, the lysosomes and the mitochondria.
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An electro-osmotic model is developed to examine the influence of plasma membrane superficial charges on the regulation of cell ionic composition.
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Between late stage 16 and mid-stage 17 the apical plasma membrane of epidermal cells forms regular corrugations called apical undulae (au), at the tip of which chitin synthesis takes place, while secretion occurs at the valley between the corrugations (D).
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The acyl derivatives of glutathione also provide protection to the cell plasma membrane, the outer fatty portion of the cell.
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As the cells round up, actin and myosin moieties are being redistributed underneath the plasma membrane.
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The plasma membrane is the medium through which all cells interact with their environment.
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The fluorescent green patches detected after plasmolysis indicate that some of the GFP-ICR1 was not attached to the plasma membrane.
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Ceramide is a lipid molecule naturally present in the cell's plasma membrane and controls cell functions, including cell aging, or senescence.
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Plasma membranes were isolated using the two-phase aqueous polymer partition system.
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The extent to which sugars move across the plasma membranes of embryo-derived protoplasts during isolation, suspension, and drying is not known and merits further investigation.
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This effect may be attributed to the decoupling of the actin cortex from the plasma membrane.
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Probucol also inhibited the formation of an ABCA 1 - linked cholesterol oxidase sensitive plasma membrane domain.
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If this concentration is above the legal limit, the plasma membrane denies an exit visa for toxic waste inside the cell until conditions outside the cell improve.
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They are united by the presence of small vesicles in, or just under, the plasma membrane.
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Release of neurotransmitters and hormones from cells involves exocytotic fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane.
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The results suggest a shared thiamine transporter for mitochondria and the plasma membrane.
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This means it can go to all parts of the cell, including the lipid (fat) portions such as the cell plasma membrane, as well as the interior of the cell (known as the cytoplasm) where water soluble chemicals reside.
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The plasma membrane is the first biological barrier encountered by the ODN carriers on their way into the cell cytoplasm.
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It ought to help you locate our protein in cellular plasma membranes.
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Our data provide evidence that Stx/StxB, upon binding to its glycolipid receptor at the cell surface, is able to increase the formation of endocytic clathrin-coated structures directly detected by electron microscopy and indirectly by the appearance of AP-2 spots at the plasma membrane.
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Plasma membrane blebs and cytoskeletal disruptions occur in association with intercellular and intracellular gaps exposing basement membrane.
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Chemical buffers can affect the uptake of macronutrients by reducing the pH gradient through the plasma membrane.
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Haversian system: this is another way to describe an osteon 21. intercalated disc: an irregular transverse thickening of the cardiac muscle cell membrane containing both desmosomes and gap junctions 22. lacuna: a small, hollow space in cartilage or bone tissue in which living cells are found 23. leukocyte: a white blood cell 24. mesothelium: the layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the serous membranes of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and covers the organs within them 25. microvilli: the microscopic, fingerlike projections of a cell's plasma membrane that increase the surface area available for absorption 26. muscle fiber: an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body 27. neuroglia: a cell of the nervous system that protects and supports neurons
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The most utilized fluorescent markers of dead cells are polar DNA-binding dyes, unable to penetrate intact plasma membranes.
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The pipette microchamber introduces a mechanical constraint around the annulus where the pipette tip contacts the plasma membrane.
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The transcellular pathway involves the movement of ions across the cytoplasm via plasma membrane channels, carriers, and exchangers.
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Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane such as the cell's plasma membrane is known as diffusion.
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Within minutes, membranous organelles fuse with the spermatid plasma membrane, a polar pseudopod extends, and the major sperm protein polymerizes and organizes into a pseudopodial cytoskeleton.
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The transferrin receptor is a protein located in the plasma membrane that binds the protein transferrin.
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The ability of the plasma membrane to depolarize remains functional in the rho cells as evidenced by the release of insulin with the depolarizing agent KCl.
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A cell is enclosed by the plasma membrane (cell envelope).
