How To Use Subunit In A Sentence
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Two catalytic subunits of PP2A are encoded by two closely related genes, ppa1 + and ppa2 +, and strains in which both genes are disrupted are inviable.
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For example, plant monomeric forms, composed only of catalytic subunits, are relatively common in plant species and coexist with higher molecular weight forms (presumably tetrameric, according to its molecular size).
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In the year 2000, all three Laureates presented high resolution structures of ribosomal subunits, Steitz of the large, Ramakrishnan and Yonath of the small ribosomal subunit.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Presentation Speech
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Residues in close physical proximity to those of a subunit encoded by another genome are clearly functionally important.
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They attached a fibre of the muscle protein actin to the gamma subunit, and the beta units were attached to the substratum.
Press Release: The 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
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Another subunit appears about the time of metamorphosis to first juvenile instar, and expression of a sixth subunit begins four or five molts later.
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Nonetheless, the art center is a liberal subunit within a conservative institution.
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Evidence has been accumulating that this species is composed of subunits that are genetically distinct.
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Surprisingly, the polyhedrin subunits are more similar to picornavirus coat proteins than to the polyhedrin of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV).
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The application of the donor - acceptor interaction between neutral aromatic subunits in supramolecular construction is reviewed.
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In higher plant chloroplasts, many pigment-binding proteins are inserted into the thylakoid membrane and organized into multisubunit complexes called photosystems.
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In 1998 Thomas Steitz solved the so called phase problem for the large ribosomal subunit and could thereby determine the first ribosomal crystal structure.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Presentation Speech
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Polarization or depolarization of the membrane voltage opens the gate subunits and permits a flood of calcium ions through the cell membrane.
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The tank commander can use his map display to navigate, orientate, and control his subunits.
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Studies were also conducted to assess the expression of the heavy and light subunits of gamma-GCS in human pleural mesothelium and bronchial epithelium in vivo and the induction of inducible NOS by asbestos fibers.
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An electron cryomicroscopy study of analogous SPP1 portal protein complexes documented a change in curvature upon ring closure consistent with inextensible subunits.
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Ramakrishnan, Steitz and Yonath determined high resolution structures of ribosomal subunits in complex with antibiotic drugs, leading to atomic level understanding of how these drugs inhibit ribosome function and how drug target resistance may evolve.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Presentation Speech
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AKAP5 rich regions, such as hippocampal dendrites, are also abundant in RII subunits
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The peaks of free 40S and 60S subunits, 80S ribosomes (free couples and monosomes), and polysomes are indicated.
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Also excluded are exchanges that would generate dicentric or acentric chromosomes, such as exchanges that may occur between rDNA subunits lying in opposite orientation.
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Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme.
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Tank units and subunits attached to rifle divisions and regiments were used for direct support of infantry.
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The bacterial flagellum is composed of 11 protofilaments with each protofilament comprised of subunits of a single protein, flagellin.
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Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein and promotes progression through the G1-S phase of the cell cycle.
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By using bioinformatic and biochemical analyses, we showed that residues 1-18 of FliI very likely form an amphipathic alpha-helix upon interaction with FliH, and that residues 21-91 of FliI resemble the N-terminal oligomerization domain of the F1-ATPase catalytic subunits.
Congratulations are in Order
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Objective To explore the expression of N-methyl-D- aspartate receptor subunit-1 (NMDAR1) in the ependymal cells of the third ventricle of rat.
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PHD2 seems to be responsible for the hydroxylation, and hence the proteolysis of, HIF-α, PHD3 appears to hydroxylate the α-subunit during reoxygenation.
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The alpha subunit, which is the largest, can bind GTP.
Physiology or Medicine 1994 - Press Release
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The core enzyme consists of a 65 kDa scaffolding protein known as A subunit tethering a 36 kDa catalytic C subunit
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Proteins with 2 or more polypeptide chains are known as oligomeric proteins, their component chains are called subunits or protomers.
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I’d also like an explanation for the following: Among the 21 proteins in the small subunit, 13 proteins were identified as prokaryotic homologues and eight proteins were specific to the mammalian mitoribosome Table I.
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In contrast to the phage polymerases, RNA polymerases from higher organisms have a much more complex subunit structure than the bacterial enzymes.
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Several serial duplications in the beta subunit are found in apes and Old World monkeys but not other primates.
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Interestingly, most of the ribosomal proteins found in our study belong to the small, 40S ribosomal subunit, which is known to associate with another multiprotein factor that we have identified, the cap-binding complex eIF4F
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Dimeric and trimeric tRNA-SINEs with identical subunits could be characterized in dermopterans (CYN-II, CYN-III, or t-SINE ).
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In addition to the roles in PBPs assembly and energy migration, the chromophoric γ subunit is preferentially sensitive to the intense light, and probably functions in the photoprotection of PBsome.
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These 5-to 6-nm - wide chains of globular subunits are interpreted as individual tubulin protofilaments in a curved guanosine diphosphate conformational state.
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During annihilation of large armed units, during disengagement or disarmament of major opposing forces armed with heavy weapons, the main role is assigned to subunits and units of the Land Forces.
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The electrocyte muscle-type nAChR is composed of two Î1-and one 1 -, Î-, and γ-subunils, whereas the 2 3 nAChR consists of two Î4-and three 2-subunits in the configuration of.
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Boyer proposed that ATP synthase is like a cylinder with alternating alpha and beta subunits.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997
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No subunit aims at self-sufficiency, but seeks rather to exchange the products of its own activities with those of others.
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Another subunit appears about the time of metamorphosis to first juvenile instar, and expression of a sixth subunit begins four or five molts later.
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The production of the three subunits in minicells should reflect the level of production within the cell.
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Indeed, the assembled repair complex just before strand scission (loss of antibody binding) is composed of multiple subunits.
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Objective: To detect expression of interleukin- 23 (IL- 23) and IL- 12 subunits in various leukemia cell lines and evaluate the ability of phorbol diester to up- regulate the subunits expression.
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Therefore, when the user enables the subunit conversion, the Subunit list table gets enabled and all the subunits in the Subunits list table have Convert to/Share column set to fragment.
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The multi-subunit oligopeptide ABC transporter OppABCDF could be stabilized during dehydration by the addition of 100 mg sucrose/g of lipid.
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Soybean agglutinin is a tetrameric legume lectin, each of whose subunits are glycosylated.
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One was designed to form a cage-like structure with tetrahedral symmetry, consisting of 12 subunits.
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HIFs are heterodimeric transcription factors, meaning that they consist of two subunits: an oxygen-sensitive α − subunit, which is the fundamental to the EPO mechanism, and a β − subunit.
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We identified a hinge region, referred to as the subunit rotation motif (SRM), is responsible for transition between different RadA polymers.
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However, each subunit also has a more specialized role.
The Scientist
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When a messenger RNA has found a ribosome, it is anchored between the ribosomal subunits, ready to be translated to the chain of amino acids which, properly folded, becomes active protein.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Presentation Speech
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The rest of the subunits are encoded in the nucleus.
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Moreover, they support a model in which Rpt subunits bind to dedicated sites on the proteasome and play specific, nonequivalent roles in the asymmetric assembly and
Journal of Biological Chemistry current issue
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Essentially, a multiprotein system known as intraflagellar transport, or IFT, attaches to the cilium axonome (the 9+2 structure made of microtubules, which are made of tubulin), grabs the necessary protein subunits (like tubulin) from inside the cell, and “walks” them along the axoneme of the cilium out to the tip, where the subunits are deposited.
Of cilia and silliness (more on Behe) - The Panda's Thumb
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In the course of a defensive operation, subunits can be used to engage the enemy's tactical air assault force as an anti-airborne assault reserve.
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The chelicerate hemocyanin subunits are basal, consistent with the assumption that the Chelicerata is a rather distinct arthropod taxon.
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The British army is among those which have retained the term squadron to describe subunits of armoured regiments.
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The subunits are built from rRNA-molecules, constructed from nucleotides, and proteins, made from amino acids.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Illustrated Presentation
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The G protein consists of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.
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Indeed, RpL5 has been shown to specifically bind 5S rRNA and transport it from the nucleoplasm to the nucleolus for assembly into the 60S ribosomal subunit.
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These include subunits of pyruvate synthase, aconitate hydratase, and succinyl-CoA synthetase.
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The transmembrane helix of subunit VIIc changes its angle of inclination midway through the helix.
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Upon the heterodimerisation of the α − subunit with HIF-β, the transcription factor, classified as one of a group of heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, is activated.
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The basic structural subunit of microtubules is the protein tubulin.
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A specialized type of linker polypeptides, the chromophoric γ subunits, are responsible for the association of B-PE molecules in the rod elements, whereas they are absent in b-PEs The evolution of PBPs, from APC to PC and to PE, is accompanied by the diversity and increasing number of chromophores
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The authors have put forward a concept of identifying specific protein subunits which are immunogenic and using them as diagnostic markers.
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HIFs are heterodimeric transcription factors, meaning that they consist of two subunits: an oxygen-sensitive α − subunit, which is the fundamental to the EPO mechanism, and a β − subunit.
Conservapedia - Recent changes [en]
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Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Inflexal Berna Subunit influenza virus vaccine.
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According to electron micrographs and low angle X-ray studies the structure of the Rho hexamer can be described as a flat ring-shaped molecule composed of six globular subunits.
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The heart of this work is identifying the sequence of DNA subunits that constitute the human genome.
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The alpha and beta subunits in the F1 part, however, cannot rotate because they are locked in a fixed position by the b subunit, which is anchored to subunit a in the membrane.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997
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mega-decamer" composed of ten unique ~550 kDa subunits.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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VMA11 and VMA16 encode second and third proteolipid subunits of the
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This assembly maps involves 15 universal small subunit ribosomal proteins, and of these 15, ten have a moonlighting role (we shall explore several of these functions at a future date).
2009 June - Telic Thoughts
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Motorized rifle subunits are reinforced with tanks and anti-tank and obstacle clearing assets.
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The 25 nm tubes consist of dimerica- and b-tubulin subunits that share about 40 percent sequence homology.
The Scientist
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As has been commented on earlier, self-assembly of the cyclic peptides into a synthetic channel proceeds through the formation of eight intersubunit backbone-backbone hydrogen bonds.
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This shoulder peak disappears if extracts are centrifuged under conditions that dissociate monosomes and polysomes into free 40S and 60S subunits.
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At the same time, troops are obliged to operate in the absence of a frontline using their high air-land maneuverability, raids, airmobile operations, tactical and fire independence of units, subunits, various detachments and teams.
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Some seconds later the GTP, bound to the alpha-subunit, is hydrolysed to GDP.
Signal Transduction
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< 2,3 > pMMO: 2 iron molecules per mol of enzyme [23]; < 2,3 > sMMO: the a-subunit of component A contains a non-haem bis-mi - cro-hydroxo-bridged binuclear iron centre [23]; cytochrome component contains 1 atom iron per molecule [2]; protein A, hydroxylase compo - nent: contains a binuclear iron center [4];
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The ratio between the integrated peak areas for each subunit was determined and corrected for the molecular mass of each subunit.
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Instead, the gene encoding a cone-specific beta subunit resides on chromosome 16.
The Scientist
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Each ring is composed of seven identical subunits, which enclose a central cavity.
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So far, at least 16 genes have been identified encoding 4 subfamilies of the regulatory subunits: B, B′, B″ and B′″
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Here, despite the high involvement of PE in the light-induced energetic decoupling of PBsomes, we further found specifically that the different roles of B-PE that carries chromophoric γ-subunit and b-PE that lacks γ-subunit in the photoprotective mechanism of red algae.
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Venkatraman Ramakrishnan's crystal structures of the small ribosomal subunit in functional complexes led to atomic level understanding of how ribosome-assisted reading of the genetic code can be so accurate that virtually all proteins are made error free in accordance with the blueprints of their genes.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Presentation Speech
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Both subunits are composed of long RNA strands complexed with ribosomal proteins.
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The DNA fragment of K88 fimbrial subunit gene without signal peptide sequence was amplified by PCR from the DNA of enterotoxigenic E.
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Retreating subunits will inevitably be engaged by the enemy's enveloping, raiding, air-mobile, or commando forces.
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One of the subunits of this enzyme is the ubiquitous protein, calmodulin.
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(HIF-1 {alpha}, HIF-2 {alpha}/EPAS1, HIF-3 {alpha}) that dimerize with a β subunit encoded by
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Since the gamma subunit is asymmetrical it compels the beta subunits to undergo structural changes.
Press Release: The 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
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While not positioned on actin in a way that readily converts to strong binding, Type 2 attachments are placed so that if they remained stationary while the actin target zone moved M-ward by 1 or 2 actin subunits, they would be positioned to "bushwhack" the target-zone actins and form Type 1 weak attachments (Supporting
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The troops of the both echelons of the covering army remained in places of their permanent deployment; a small number of units and subunits were engaged in building fortifications close to the border.
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HIF-1 is a heterodimeric protein complex composed of two subunits: a stable and constitutively expressed HIF-1β, and an inducible, O
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< 1, 3 > [2, 3] S Additional information (molecular mechanism of intracellular degradation of type I collagen in normal corneal endothelial cells, role of the enzyme and protein-disulfide isomerase, which is the b subunit of the enzyme, during procollagen I biosynthesis [72]) [72] P?
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The B subunit carries a C-terminal extension responsible for the oligomerization of higher plant chloroplast GAPDH into an A 8 B 8 regulatory form.
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Fractions from the lower density region of the gradient include ribosomal subunits, 80 S monosomes and mRNP complexes.
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From the 16th century the troop, a captain's command, was the basic subunit in the cavalry.
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It is advisable that the structure and organization of airborne assault units and subunits should be the same as that of a paratroop regiment and an airborne battalion but without parachute equipment.
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Objective: To study the expression of the small subunit ribonucleotide reductase(R2) in gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) and to assess its prognostic value.
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P. cruentum constructed was characterized to contain lower level of PE content in light of the complete deficiency of γ subunits, the B-PE-associated chromophoric linker polypeptides, revealed by LiDS-PAGE (lithium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) experiment
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The ratio between the integrated peak areas for each subunit was determined and corrected for the molecular mass of each subunit.
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Upon the heterodimerisation of the α − subunit with HIF-β, the transcription factor, classified as one of a group of heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix
Conservapedia - Recent changes [en]
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Jackson and Plano (2000) report that the Yersinia pestis FliH homolog YscL (corresponding to SctL/HrpE in Figure 4a) has low but significant sequence similarity with the e subunit of the archaeal ATPase of Methanococcus jannaschii and the e subunit of the vacuolar ATPase of Desulfurococcus spp.; these subunits are the homologs of the b subunit of the F1F0-ATP synthetase.
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Periplasmic release through a narrow channel in subunit-a as well as cytoplasmic uptake through a channel formed by tightly packed c-subunits are plausible candidates for an electrogenic reaction.
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Thomas Steitz's high resolution structures of the large ribosomal subunit in functional complexes led to atomic level understanding of how formation of peptide bonds between amino acids is catalysed on the ribosome.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Presentation Speech
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The homology between axonemal and cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chains has suggested a similar cargo-binding function for the IC subunit of cytoplasmic dynein.
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The subunits were constrained to have fourfold symmetry when the voltage-sensing domain was docked onto the pore-forming domain.
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Based on our observations, the subunit structures of haptoglobin protein conjugates are largely consistent with the known model.
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We observed subunit dissociation directly in excess vitamin D binding protein to sequester monomers and preclude association reactions.
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Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing by upstream caspases (caspase-8, -9) at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme in the form of
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Rcd3 (CG8231) is homologous to the human T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta, which is needed for proper tubulin folding [
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As illustrated in our immunohistochemical analysis and described previously, there is a large intracellular population of nicotinic subunits
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The production of the three subunits in minicells should reflect the level of production within the cell.
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Should a colony containing more than one queen be separated into subunits, any subunit containing a queen can become independent over time.
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It is also the site of folding and modification of nascent protein chains and assembly of multisubunit complexes.
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Cholera toxin B subunit ( CTB ) is considered to be an effective adjuvant and carrier protein.
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Cognitive and evolutionary psychologists may find in psychodynamics careful descriptions of traits that may closely match the functional subunits of the mind that they are seeking.
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Like a network of interconnecting cubes, the crystalline lattice is composed of regularly arranged subunits.
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Fusion proteins that comprise at least one subunit of glutelin and a desired protein permit enhanced production of the desired protein in a useable form in plants.
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The gamma subunit is placed as an asymmetrical axle in the cylinder formed by the three alpha and the three beta subunits and has unique contacts with the beta units and forces their active surfaces to assume different three-dimensional structures.
Press Release: The 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
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The application of molecular biotechnology such as molecule marker and the small subunit ribosomal RNAin the research of ruminal protozoal was reviewed.
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In the inset in Fig.4 b a blow-up of one of the boundaries between such subunits (marked by a white arrow) is shown.
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SP-3-A cleaved peptide bonds adjacent to the N-terminal of lysine in the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit.
Shrooms Help Gluten digestion?
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The stress adjust the inspection lot, branch item, subsection (tender subsection), unit (subunit) the project divides, installation of indicator of quality, ACP and organisation await elaborate.
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Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein and promotes progression through the G1-S phase of the cell cycle.
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These include subunits of pyruvate synthase, aconitate hydratase, and succinyl-CoA synthetase.
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The activity of HIF-1 dimer, which is composed of α and β subunits, is modulated by the availability of the extremely labile oxygen-sensitive HIF-1α protein subunit.
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Phage gene 46 encodes one subunit of a putative exonuclease that is thought to be directly involved in recombination and recombinational repair.
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PHD3 appears to hydroxylate the α-subunit during reoxygenation.
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Conclusion The ability of PT to induce specific antibody is conformation dependent of intact PT, and antibody induction domains are located dominantly in S1 subunit of intact PT.
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Tank units and subunits attached to rifle divisions and regiments were used for direct support of infantry.
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Because engineer subunits had a shortage of sappers to provide engineer support to motorized rifle subunits, it was necessary to prepare a non-T / O sapper section of seven to eight men in each company.
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14 Chiang et al, "In vitro antiviral activities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and its related flavonoids," Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 52: 194-198 (2003) 15 Ferraresi et al, "Essential requirement of reduced glutathione (GSH) for the anti-oxidant effect of the flavonoid quercetin," Free Radical Research 39 (11): 1249-1258 (2005) 16 Myhrstad et al, "Flavonoids increase the intracellular glutathione level by transactivation of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytical subunit promoter," Free Radical Biology
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The G protein consists of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.
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The b subunit therefore plays a direct role in the transcription factor's activation.
The Scientist
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G proteins consist of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, and exist in many different classes.
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The * subunit is degraded rapidly under normal oxygen concentrations, but it is stabilized under hypoxia.
The Scientist
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E. coli CS31A fimbrial subunit precursor (Genbank M59905), heat-stable toxin, STa Shiga-like toxin types 1 and 2, stx1 and stx2, cytotoxic necrotizing factors 1 and 2 (cnf1 and cnf2), and intimin-γ (eae),.
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Among these, alpha, beta, gamma, epsilon and zeta units as well as the isoform of epsilon subunit were shown in 2 - DE gels of tumor cell lines.
