How To Use Synaptic In A Sentence
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But this is not to suggest that Hebb's influence was just his postulates related to synaptic change.
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At nerve terminals, stimulus-evoked calcium entry triggers transmitter release through rapid, regulated exocytosis of readily releasable synaptic vesicles.
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Accumulation of the neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft occurs provoking an increase in the stimulation of postsynaptic receptors. 3
Cocaine Toxicity
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Carbamazepine has been demonstrated to decrease seizure activity in animals with electrically and chemically induced seizures. 5 It is believed to act by, "reducing polysynaptic responses and blocking the post-tetanic potentiation.
Carbamazepine
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It now has two septillion Proto-synaptic connections.
365 tomorrows » 2007 » May : A New Free Flash Fiction SciFi Story Every Day
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Such tendon jerks are tested as part of a routine neurological examination, to assess the state of synaptic connections.
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Work with fruit flies, sea slugs, and mice has revealed the role of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - protein kinase A (PKA) - cAMP responsive-element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in key forms of experience-driven synaptic plasticity.
Multiple Realizability
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I'm... I'm synaptic, while, while you're synoptic... "He smelled strange, Shadow realized.
AMERICAN GODS
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The recent report that presynaptic mGlu receptors employ phosphoinositide-derived signals as a positive feedback mechanism to enhance glutamate release is particularly interesting.
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I actually liken you to Tom Lloyd and Don Juan, two newly joined knuckle dragging monosynaptic fools that couldn't put a rational thought together even working in tandem.
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It does so by blocking the normal presynaptic reuptake, causing an increase in function or activity level of these transmitters.
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The principal ganglionic neurons receive the synaptic output of the preganglionic motor fibers in the splanchnic nerves, which originate in the anterior horn cells.
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In this case, the quantal amplitude of postsynaptic response strongly depends on the number of accessible postsynaptic receptors in the vicinity of the release sites.
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Rohrbough J, Prokop A, Broadie K (1999) A role for PS integrins in morphological growth and synaptic function at the postembryonic neuromuscular junction of Drosophila.
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Furthermore, morphological studies have shown that activity can alter the structure of the postsynaptic cell by increasing spine density and even the extent of dendritic arborization.
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The vesicles within the presynaptic axonal varicosities store the neurotransmitters that are synthesized there by special biochemical systems.
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CONCLUSION The decreasing of the synaptic glomerulus and aging of the organella maybe the main factors that cause the olfactory bulb sensation obstruction.
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The only synaptic feedback to the pyloric pacemaker group through the EP to PD inhibitory synapse was removed by applying 10-5 M picrotoxin in the bath.
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In this study, we investigated the basic synaptic mechanisms responsible for reverberatory activity in small networks of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro.
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Each ocellus comprises a common lens, a few hundred photoreceptor cells in groups of two to seven with a central rhabdom complex, and a synaptic neuropil where the receptors synapse onto large and small ocellar interneurons.
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Sir Bernard Katz 'discoveries concerning the mechanism for the release of the transmitter acetylcholine from the nerve terminals at the nerve-muscle junction, under the influence of the nerve impulses, are fundamental not only for the understanding of the so-called cholinergic transmission, but are also of primary importance for our knowledge about the synaptic transmission between the nerve cells in the central nervous system.
Physiology or Medicine 1970 - Press Release
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They also synapse onto Martinotti cells, which in turn synapse with other pyramidal cells, making a "disynaptic" connection between the two pyramidal cells.
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The stimulants promote the release of dopamine and norepinephrine from presynaptic neurons into the synaptic cleft but then block reuptake by these same neurons.
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Most of the clinically significant symptoms of dissociatives are produced by presynaptic dopamine stimulation and cholinergic antagonism.
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Hanson has shown that amphetamines increase the concentration of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft by stimulating their release from the interneuronal storage vesicles.
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The flow of cations through the receptors rapidly depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, and the signal is propagated along the electrically excitable membrane toward the next nerve cell.
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My understanding is represented in vast patterns of neurotransmitter strengths, synaptic clefts, and interneuronal connections.
'I Married a Computer': An Exchange
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The first cell releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap.
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Cocaine blocks the reuptake of catecholamines presynaptically.
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Following binding of the neurotransmitter with a receptor, the postsynaptic membrane depolarizes which results in the generation of an impulse on the next neuron or the effector cell, e.g., muscle cell or secretory cell.
Neurotoxicity
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This development change is consistent with the observation in adult rat that mAChR activation suppresses inspiratory-related activity of the genioglossus muscle The high - (CX614) and low-impact (CX717) AMPAKINES both alleviated the DAMGO-induced depression of XII MN activity and inspiratory synaptic drive in a dose-dependent manner.
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The key to making the discovery was the development of new techniques that allow monosynaptic connections between pairs of cells to be examined with dual intracellular recordings.
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Bergmann glial processes ensheathe synapses on Purkinje cells, and play a supportive role in normal transmission by maintaining a physiological synaptic microenvironment.
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After the impulse has again been initiated, the neurotransmitter-complex must be inactivated otherwise impulses (above and beyond the original impulse) will continue and can exhaust the postsynaptic event causing muscle paralysis, for example.
Neurotoxicity
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Centrally acting Alpha 2 - noradrenergic agonist acting primarily to decrease polysynaptic reflex activity
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As predicted by Hebbian rules of learning, the firing of a neuron, resulting from the combined excitation of all synaptic input to the cell, is the necessary event for consolidating memory.
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The glue on Will's head must have run into his ears and paralyzed his monosynaptic cerebellum.
In anticipation of Friday's debate, the NYT sizes up Obama and McCain.
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The second mechanism of TCA cardiotoxicity involves the blockade of norepinephrine uptake at the adrenergic presynaptic endings.
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In the synaptic space, art objects are resurrections of the creations of the mind - a mind that uses the body as a machine to materialize ideas, patterns, and emotions.
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This region is known as the postsynaptic density (PSD).
News-Letter
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Bottom, with a hyperpolarizing bias current to prevent PIC activation, the same stimulation only evoked a polysynaptic EPSP (lower plot).
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In the crab stomatogastric nervous system, citrulline is present in a pair of projection neurons that send axons to the synaptic neuropil of the STG.
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The defining morphological feature of chemical synapses is the vesicle cluster in the presynaptic nerve terminal.
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Activation of presynaptic cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) triggers presynaptic long-term plasticity in synapses such as cerebellar parallel fiber and hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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I rechecked Synaptic and the only item still installed when I search on "compiz" is compositing-wm-common.
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The high propensity of synapsin I to form a monomolecular layer that covers large phospholipid surfaces supports the possibility that synapsin I covers a large portion of the synaptic vesicle surface.
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The hippocampus has two major, parallel information-carrying routes: the tri-synaptic pathway (TSP) and the shorter monosynaptic pathway (MSP).
Biosingularity
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Nerve regeneration involves axonal sprouting, growthing and extension, as well as reconstructing synaptic relate with target cell, which can be depended to realize the nerves re dominated function.
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This primary pathology includes a range of inflammatory disorders as well as neuronal loss along with dendritic damage and synaptic loss.
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Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic plasticity following ventral root avulsion
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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In wild type, this response is via a monosynaptic pathway and has a characteristically short latency that is stable at high frequencies of stimulation.
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The Torpedo electrocyte model has served to identify the most important components involved in synaptic transmission.
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Alpha - 2 receptors are located on the presynaptic neuron.
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The extrasynaptic receptors that are exposed to a much lower concentration of agonist and are not saturated may substantially enhance the quantal synaptic response.
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Memory retention-the synaptic stability versus plasticity dilemma Wickliffe C.
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Go to synaptic package manager and search for "alsa" and reinstall alsa items, then reboot.
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I'm... I'm synaptic, while, while you're synoptic... "He smelled strange, Shadow realized.
AMERICAN GODS
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This result is due to several factors: a direct release of norepinephrine from storage vesicles, the blockage of reuptake of norepinephrine once it has been released into the synaptic cleft and a decrease in norepinephrine metabolism due to inability of MAO to break down norepinephrine.
Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors
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Recently we have begun investigations of synaptic molecules up-regulated specifically during morphallaxis.
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The authors proposed a mechanism of action whereby the calcium channel blocker inhibited the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters.
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Fernandez-Galaz, MC, et al. Role of astroglia and insulin like growth factor-I in gonadal hormone dependent synaptic plasticity.
T.S. Wiley: Estrogen Dilemma: There Is No Dilemma When You Know the Details
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The latency of the first potential was around 5 msec and was considered as monosynaptic reflex.
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The morphology of this cell is identical to a well-studied neuron in goldfish that is monosynaptically activated by the Mauthner cell and in turn excites spinal motoneurons.
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Depolarization of the presynaptic membrane causes release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.
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Open synaptic package manager -- > choose one repository near you -- > click "reload" -- > click "mark all updates" -- > click "apply
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When the spike reaches the synaptic terminals it causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse where they then flow to post-synaptic neurons.
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The results showed that as a neurotransmitter TRH has facilitatory effect on excitatory synaptic transmission in spinal cord.
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The monosynaptic connection is excitatory, but, because the Martinotti cell makes GABAergic synapses onto its targets, the disynaptic connection is inhibitory.
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Nerve regeneration involves axonal sprouting, growthing and extension, as well as reconstructing synaptic relate with target cell, which can be depended to realize the nerves re dominated function.
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Postsynaptic proteins receive the neurotransmitters released by presynaptic proteins.
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When you search for "compiz" in Synaptic try to remove any related package before installing You'll note in my first message that I have tried all repo's.
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I'm... I'm synaptic, while, while you're synoptic... "He smelled strange, Shadow realized.
AMERICAN GODS
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In this case, spillover is limited to the postsynaptic sites under a single synaptic bouton, and occupancy is likely to vary across sites.
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This local depolarization is known as an excitatory synaptic potential, and its amplitude is determined by the number of vesicles released from the presynaptic cell.
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Together these results suggest that prolonged UCB exposure can induce a time - and concentration-dependent impairment of the inducibility for synaptic modification at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses.
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This starts the process of impulse/action potential generation in the postsynaptic neuron or receptor cell.
Neurotoxicity
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Direct-acting pressors have their action extracellularly at postsynaptic receptors. 4 The evaluation of liver function at initial presentation andfour tosix weeks following recovery is recommended, although the incidence of hepatotoxicity following acute overdose is rare. 5 Caution should be exercised in the use of sedative/hypnotics for CNS excitation because of synergistic depressant effects during overdose.
Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors
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After synaptic transmission is blocked by botulinum toxin, the muscles become clinically weak and atrophic.
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Each little bump or spine on each dendrite is a synaptic connection from another nerve cell axon terminal.
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Thus, for example, it seems impossible for nerve terminals to store a significant amount of an unstable and highly diffusible gas like nitric oxide: it must be synthesized on demand and diffuse instantly into the synaptic space.
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This effect, essentially an increase in the efficacy of transmission between pre- and postsynaptic cells, was termed potentiation.
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Locally it blocks the initiation and propagation of nerve impulses along an axon by interference with sodium permeability during depolarization. 3,11 Centrally it blocks the presynaptic reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine.
Cocaine Toxicity
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In a sympathetic ganglion, the synaptic junctions, at which the acetylcholine is released by the incident preganglionic impulses, form a large part of the small amount of tissue perfused.
Sir Henry Dale - Nobel Lecture
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Some neurons showed different polysynaptic responses evoked by the same stimulus intensity.
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Researchers believe these synaptic changes, called long-term potentiation or LTP, are the basis for learning in the brain.
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In the late 1980s, Bear's research suggested that a cell receptor - called a metabotropic glutamate receptor - plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity.
PhysOrg.com - latest science and technology news stories
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This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell.
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The cells that responded to nerve stimulation were most likely principal neurons and not interneurons, because fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded in these cells.
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Synaptic function recorded in the same region is protected against thermal stress by both prior thermal conditioning and exogenous Hsp 70 application.
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In blowflies, a subset of these sensors make strong monosynaptic connections with the motor neurons of steering muscles.
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These include not only reciprocal inhibitory connections between the interneuron groups, but also monosynaptic inputs to swim motoneurons.
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The monosynaptic connection is excitatory, but, because the Martinotti cell makes GABAergic synapses onto its targets, the disynaptic connection is inhibitory.
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Another cell type, astroglia, helps pattern the brain in fetal development and is later involved in synaptic activity.
Autism Hub
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The release of neurotransmitter is variable and dependent on the properties of the presynaptic terminal.
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Anandamide molecules then diffuse back toward the presynaptic neuron, where they bind receptors that temporarily shut down neurotransmission.
The Scientist
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Synaptic nerve terminals and neuroendocrine cells rely on continuous vesicle cycling to support sustained exocytosis and transmitter release.
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This effect, essentially an increase in the efficacy of transmission between pre- and postsynaptic cells, was termed potentiation.
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This is the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft from synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal.
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This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell.
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In the case of motor neurons, the axon terminal finds the site of the original synapse on the muscle cell by recognizing the basal lamina that fills the synaptic cleft.
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Generally, neurotoxins affecting neurotransmission act to increase or decrease the release of a neurotransmitter at the presynaptic membrane, block receptors at the postsynaptic membrane, or modify the inactivation process of the neurotransmitter.
Neurotoxicity
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The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic junction and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
Neurotoxicity
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Fernandez-Galaz, MC, et al. Role of astroglia and insulin like growth factor-I in gonadal hormone dependent synaptic plasticity.
T.S. Wiley: Estrogen Dilemma: There Is No Dilemma When You Know the Details
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The postsynaptic receptors become supersensitive to neurotransmitter effects and may be related to an increase in the number of alpha and beta receptors. 4 This may occur in compensation for chronic cocaine use when norepinephrine becomes depleted. 4
Cocaine Toxicity
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I searched in synaptic for 'alsa' and completely removed the relevant packages (except a couple that wanted to remove most other packages as well).
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I'm highlighting these two in particular because you can browse and launch more apps from Konqueror and you can install new apps from Synaptic.
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You can almost feel the charge of linking synaptic bursts as the trio generates a veritable Japanese garden of tinkles, clicks, rolls, and splashes.
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When axon terminals touch the ephrin-A5-expressing postsynaptic region, EphA4 associated with Meltrin β is localized preferentially at the axon terminal opposite the postsynaptic cluster on the muscle fiber; Meltrin β interferes with the internalization of the ephrin-A5-EphA4 complexes so that the axon terminal and muscle could avoid receiving a repulsive signal at the NMJ, and many molecules, such as agrin, MuSK and adhesion proteins, cooperate in stabilization of the NMJ.
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First, he argued that the synaptic connections between neurons of the cortex increased in efficiency in proportion to a degree to which there had been temporal contiguity in their pre- and post-synaptic physiological activity.
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Anandamide molecules then diffuse back toward the presynaptic neuron, where they bind receptors that temporarily shut down neurotransmission.
The Scientist
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When postsynaptic receptors are saturated, a quantum of synaptic current corresponds to the response evoked in a single synaptic bouton.
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The properties of the presynaptic neuron can also be influenced by the cell with which it makes a synapse.
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The resulting synaptic inhibition is characterized by either a depressant or an excitant effect, depending on the population of cells involved.
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We find that the occurrence of glia postsynaptically is strikingly higher than presynaptically, in both types of synapses.
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Axons travel from the neurons located in nuclei within the brain stem via the cranial nerves without synaptic interruption to the motor end plates on the striated muscle.
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From a screen of 24,000 mutagenized flies, 17 mutants with presynaptic defects in synaptic transmission were recovered.
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The toxin irreversibly binds to presynaptic cholinergic receptors at motor nerve terminals and is subsequently internalized.
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Norepinephrine is a potent vasoconstrictor synthesized from tyrosine in the presynaptic neuron.
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The brightness and density of mito-GFP labeling within presynaptic boutons provides a rough estimate for mitochondrial concentration in the presynaptic axoplasm.
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An adequate interpretation of quantal parameters allowing for pre - and/or postsynaptic quantization is very important for the conclusions about the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.
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Huerta PT, Lisman JE (1993) Heightened synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 neurons during a cholinergically induced rhythmic state.
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You can almost feel the charge of linking synaptic bursts as the trio generates a veritable Japanese garden of tinkles, clicks, rolls, and splashes.
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Furthermore, initiation-associated pyramidal cells excited similar and different functional classes of neurons through putative monosynaptic connections.
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A computational account of these results is proposed, based on a unified model that combines chemotropic gradients and spike-time-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Here we found that perforant path stimulation in rat hippocampal slices evoked long-lasting barrages of synaptic inputs in subpopulations of dentate gyrus mossy cells and hilar interneurons.
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The cells that responded to nerve stimulation were most likely principal neurons and not interneurons, because fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded in these cells.
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A variety of experiments indicate that single synaptic connections exhibit a broad distribution of presynaptic release probabilities.
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It diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the end organ adrenergic receptor.
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From a screen of 18,500 mutagenized flies, 171 phototactic mutants were recovered of which 15 appear to be specifically defective in synaptic transmission on the basis of the results of electroretinogram recordings.
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Postsynaptic proteins receive the neurotransmitters released by presynaptic proteins.
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In order to bring normal balance between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potential, antiseizure drugs may use one or more of the following mechanisms.
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With this low level of presynaptic stimulation, quantal currents could be resolved.
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Carbamazepine has been demonstrated to decrease seizure activity in animals with electrically and chemically induced seizures. 5 It is believed to act by, "reducing polysynaptic responses and blocking the post-tetanic potentiation.
Carbamazepine
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With 200,000 neurons linked up by 50 million synaptic connections, the chip is able to mimic the brain's ability to learn more closely than any other machine.
Tew's Day!
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Conclusion:The decreasing of the synaptic glomerulus and ageing of the organella maybe the main factor of causing the olfactory bulb sensation obstruction.
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Pyramidal cells synapse onto other pyramidal cells, making a "monosynaptic" connection.
PLoS Biology: New Articles
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Molecular features of the phasic and tonic presynaptic nerve terminals are currently under investigation.
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Glutamate is released presynaptically and binds to a postsynaptic receptor gating a cation-selective channel, thus depolarizing the post-synaptic cell.
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Is it, as we suspected, based on indirect evidence, the presynaptic element of the synapse where chemical transmitter is released, or is it the postsynaptic site which contains the receptors which bind and respond to the transmitter?
Eric R. Kandel - Autobiography
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Intrathecal administration of RTX to rats in the short-term inhibits nociceptive synaptic transmission, and in the long-term causes a localized, selective ablation of TRPV1-expressing central sensory nerve terminals leading to long lasting analgesia in behavioral models.
Elites TV
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Most synaptic boutons in the mammalian central nervous system are too small to be investigated directly with electrophysiological tools on the single synapse level.
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Direct-acting pressors have their action extracellularly at postsynaptic receptors. 4 The evaluation of liver function at initial presentation andfour tosix weeks following recovery is recommended, although the incidence of hepatotoxicity following acute overdose is rare. 5 Caution should be exercised in the use of sedative/hypnotics for CNS excitation because of synergistic depressant effects during overdose.
Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors
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An influence on a post - synaptic neuron which reduces the probability that the neuron emit a spike.
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Moreover, monomeric α-syn can be found in lipid rafts, which is required for the synaptic localization of α-syn
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Instead, transmission is accomplished by the release of a chemical neurotransmitter substance from the presynaptic fibre.
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It took less than two years for the Blue Brain supercomputer to accurately simulate a neocortical column, which is a tiny slice of brain containing approximately 10,000 neurons, with about 30 million synaptic connections between them.
On sociopathy and fecundity
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I'm... I'm synaptic, while, while you're synoptic... "He smelled strange, Shadow realized.
AMERICAN GODS
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The correlation between changes in the kinetics of synaptic current and quantal amplitude remains strong for the corrected values as well.
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In presynaptic inhibition, synapses are temporarily ‘decommissioned’ to weaken the response; but in other cases, they are added to strengthen it.
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A major type of neuron in the cerebral cortex may receive up to 10,000 synaptic connections from other neurons.
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Convergence on propriospinal neurons transmitting disynaptic excitation from the corticospinal tract and other dsescending tracts.
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